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Gait speed and spasticity are independently associated with estimated failure load in the distal tibia after stroke: an HR-pQCT study
ConclusionThe paretic distal tibia showed more compromised vBMD, cortical area, cortical thickness, and estimated failure load than the non-paretic tibia. Gait speed and spasticity were independently associated with estimated failure load. As treatment programs focusing on these potentially modifiable stroke-related impairments are feasible to administer, future studies are needed to determine the efficacy of such intervention strategies for improving bone strength in individuals with chronic stroke.
Source: Osteoporosis International - October 12, 2021 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Association between body mass index and the risk of falls: a nationwide population-based study
ConclusionsObesity was associated with a greater risk of recurrent falls in women, whereas underweight seemed to be associated with a greater risk of falls in men.
Source: Osteoporosis International - January 7, 2021 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Relationship between bone strength index of the hemiparetic tibial diaphysis and muscle strength in people with chronic stroke: influence of muscle contraction type and speed
ConclusionsConcentric muscle power was more predictive of %SSD in p-SSI at the tibial diaphysis than other contraction types and may be an important target for intervention to promote bone health in people with chronic stroke.
Source: Osteoporosis International - November 7, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation With Zoledronic Acid Versus Denosumab: A Propensity Score –Matched Cohort Study
ABSTRACTZoledronic acid (ZA) is an effective agent in osteoporosis and malignancy ‐related bone disease but may be associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), although current studies disagree on this risk. To examine the risk of incident AF among patients receiving ZA compared with denosumab in the first year of treatment, we performed a new‐user, active comp arator cohort study including privately insured Americans between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2019. Individuals aged ≥50 years without known arrhythmia or advanced kidney disease who initiated ZA were 1:1 propensity score (PS)‐matched to i...
Source: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research - November 2, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Kristin M D'Silva, Sara Jane Cromer, Elaine W Yu, Michael Fischer, Seoyoung C Kim Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

When the Nervous System Turns Skeletal Muscles into Bones: How to Solve the Conundrum of Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification
AbstractPurpose of ReviewNeurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) is the abnormal formation of extra-skeletal bones in periarticular muscles after damage to the central nervous system (CNS) such as spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, or cerebral anoxia. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent developments in the understanding of NHO pathophysiology and pathogenesis. Recent animal models of NHO and recent findings investigating the communication between CNS injury, tissue inflammation, and upcoming NHO therapeutics are discussed.Recent FindingsAnimal models of NHO following TBI or SCI ...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - October 21, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Factors associated with fracture after stroke and TIA: a long-term follow-up
ConclusionStroke was positively associated with fracture in patients<  80 years, while TIA was positively associated with fracture in patients ≥ 80 years and females. Dementia and analgesic therapy were also associated with fracture after either stroke or TIA.
Source: Osteoporosis International - July 9, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Is there a role for menopausal hormone therapy in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis?
We present a narrative review of the benefits versus risks of using MHT in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Current literature suggests robust anti-fracture efficacy of MHT in patients unselected for low BMD, regardless of concomitant use with progestogens, but with limited evidence of persisting skeletal benefits following cessation of therapy. Side effects include cardiovascular events, thromboembolic disease, stroke and breast cancer, but the benefit-risk profile differs according to the use of opposed versus unopposed oestrogens, type of oestrogen/progestogen, dose and route of delivery and, for cardiovas...
Source: Osteoporosis International - July 7, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Blindness increases the risk for hip fracture and vertebral fracture but not the risk for distal radius fracture: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort
ConclusionThe risks for hip fracture and vertebral fracture were significantly higher in the blindness group. However, the risk for distal radius fracture was not related to visual impairment including blindness.
Source: Osteoporosis International - July 5, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Fragility fractures in Europe: burden, management and opportunities
ConclusionsFracture-related burden is expected to increase over the coming decades. Given the substantial treatment gap and proven cost-effectiveness of fracture prevention schemes such as fracture liaison services, urgent action is needed to ensure that all individuals at high risk of fragility fracture are appropriately assessed and treated.
Source: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery - April 18, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

No impact of anti-Rank ligand and PTH analogs on cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
ConclusionsThe anti-Rank ligand and PTH analogs have no impact on cardiovascular risk and overall mortality in idiopathic osteoporosis. To better answer the question whether these treatments can reduce the long-term cardiovascular risk, further comparative studies with longer duration are required.
Source: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery - January 2, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

The impact of stroke on bone properties and muscle-bone relationship: a systematic review and meta-analysis
AbstractTo systematically review available evidence related to the characteristics of bone changes post-stroke and the relationship between various aspects of muscle function (e.g., strength, spasticity) and bone properties after stroke onset. An extensive online database search was undertaken (last search in January 2019). Articles that examined the bone properties in stroke patients were included. The quality of the studies was evaluated with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Study Quality Assessment Tools. Publication bias of meta-analyses was assessed using the Egger ’s regression asymmetry test. The selection ...
Source: Osteoporosis International - November 12, 2019 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Practical tips for prescribing exercise for fall prevention
ConclusionDepending on the population, exercise as a single or as part of a multifactorial intervention may be beneficial in reducing falls.
Source: Osteoporosis International - September 30, 2019 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Vitamin D and cardiovascular disorders
In conclusion, preclinical data generated a plausible hypothesis of a link between vitamin D status and extra-skeletal events, including cardiovascular endpoints. Whether the vitamin D endocrine system is redundant for the human vascular system or whether the RCTs have not been optimally designed to answer the research question is thus not yet settled.
Source: Osteoporosis International - August 10, 2019 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Quantification of Risk Factors for Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament in Korean Populations: A Nationwide Population-based Case-control Study
Conclusion. OPLL was significantly associated with comorbidities such as hypertension, ischemic stroke diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and osteoporosis. Our findings can provide helpful information for OPLL prediction and offer important health benefits. Level of Evidence: 3
Source: Spine - August 3, 2019 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

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