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Total 97 results found since Jan 2013.

Study protocol for development and validation of a single tool to assess risks of stroke, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction and dementia: DemNCD-Risk
Introduction Current efforts to reduce dementia focus on prevention and risk reduction by targeting modifiable risk factors. As dementia and cardiometabolic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) share risk factors, a single risk-estimating tool for dementia and multiple NCDs could be cost-effective and facilitate concurrent assessments as compared with a conventional single approach. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a new risk tool that estimates an individual’s risk of developing dementia and other NCDs including diabetes mellitus, stroke and myocardial infarction. Once validated, it could be used by the ...
Source: BMJ Open - September 22, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Kootar, S., Huque, M. H., Kiely, K. M., Anderson, C. S., Jorm, L., Kivipelto, M., Lautenschlager, N. T., Matthews, F., Shaw, J. E., Whitmer, R. A., Peters, R., Anstey, K. J. Tags: Open access, Public health Source Type: research

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3) non-diabetic chronic kidney disease
CONCLUSIONS: There is currently insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of ACEi or ARB in patients with stage 1 to 3 CKD who do not have DM. The available evidence is overall of very low certainty and high risk of bias. We have identified an area of large uncertainty for a group of patients who account for most of those diagnosed as having CKD.PMID:37466151 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD007751.pub3
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 19, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Tess E Cooper Claris Teng David J Tunnicliffe Brydee A Cashmore Giovanni Fm Strippoli Source Type: research

Statins for extension of disability-free survival and primary prevention of cardiovascular events among older people: protocol for a randomised controlled trial in primary care (STAREE trial)
Introduction The world is undergoing a demographic transition to an older population. Preventive healthcare has reduced the burden of chronic illness at younger ages but there is limited evidence that these advances can improve health at older ages. Statins are one class of drug with the potential to prevent or delay the onset of several causes of incapacity in older age, particularly major cardiovascular disease (CVD). This paper presents the protocol for the STAtins in Reducing Events in the Elderly (STAREE) trial, a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of statins in community dwelling o...
Source: BMJ Open - April 3, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Zoungas, S., Curtis, A., Spark, S., Wolfe, R., McNeil, J. J., Beilin, L., Chong, T. T.-J., Cloud, G., Hopper, I., Kost, A., Nelson, M., Nicholls, S. J., Reid, C. M., Ryan, J., Tonkin, A., Ward, S. A., Wierzbicki, A., On behalf of STAREE investigator group Tags: Open access, Cardiovascular medicine Source Type: research

The Rationalisation of Intra-Operative Imaging During Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review
CONCLUSION: Current data have shown EUS to have superiority over manual palpation and transoesophageal echocardiography in the prevention of CVAs following cardiac surgery. Yet, EUS has not been implemented as a routine standard of care. Extensive adoption of EUS in clinical practice is warranted to aid large, randomised trials before making prospective conclusions on the efficacy of this screening method.PMID:36870922 | DOI:10.1016/j.hlc.2023.01.016
Source: Atherosclerosis - March 4, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Mona Jaffar-Karballai Fatima Kayali Bianca Botezatu Danish Iltaf Satti Amer Harky Source Type: research

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists for preventing recurrent stroke and other vascular events in people with stroke or transient ischaemic attack
CONCLUSIONS: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists probably reduce recurrent stroke and total events of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke, and may improve insulin sensitivity and the stabilisation of carotid plaques. Their effects on adverse events are uncertain. Our conclusions should be interpreted with caution considering the small number and the quality of the included studies. Further well-designed, double-blind RCTs with large samples are required to assess the efficacy and safety of PPAR-γ agonists in the secondary prevention of stroke and related vascular...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 10, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Jia Liu Lu-Ning Wang Source Type: research

As some hail new antibody treatment for Alzheimer ’s, safety and benefit questions persist
In a packed San Francisco conference room with a celebratory atmosphere, upbeat company representatives and scientists yesterday presented detailed clinical trial data on the first Alzheimer’s treatment shown to clearly, albeit modestly, slow the disease’s normal cognitive decline. The antibody therapy has buoyed a field marked by decades of failures. Now, it appears to be on the cusp of being greenlit by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Yet other researchers warn of potential risks, including brain swelling and brain hemorrhages that were linked to the recently disclosed deaths of two trial participants wh...
Source: Science of Aging Knowledge Environment - December 1, 2022 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Hypoxia-inducible factor stabilisers for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease
CONCLUSIONS: HIF stabiliser management of anaemia had uncertain effects on CV death, fatigue, death (any cause), CV outcomes, and kidney failure compared to placebo or ESAs. Compared to placebo or ESAs, HIF stabiliser management of anaemia probably decreased the proportion of patients requiring blood transfusions, and probably increased the proportion of patients reaching the target Hb when compared to placebo.PMID:36005278 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD013751.pub2
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - August 25, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Patrizia Natale Suetonia C Palmer Allison Jaure Elisabeth M Hodson Marinella Ruospo Tess E Cooper Deirdre Hahn Valeria M Saglimbene Jonathan C Craig Giovanni Fm Strippoli Source Type: research

Factors related to the risk of stroke in the population with type 2 diabetes: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusion: We plan to submit this systematic review to a peer-reviewed journal. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY2021100046
Source: Medicine - January 21, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Research Article: Study Protocol Systematic Review Source Type: research

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors for people with cardiovascular disease: a network meta-analysis
CONCLUSIONS: Findings from both standard and network meta-analyses of moderate- to high-certainty evidence suggest that GLP-1RA and SGLT2i are likely to reduce the risk of CVD mortality and all-cause mortality in people with established CVD; high-certainty evidence demonstrates that treatment with SGLT2i reduce the risk of hospitalisation for HF, while moderate-certainty evidence likely supports the use of GLP-1RA to reduce fatal and non-fatal stroke. Future studies conducted in the non-diabetic CVD population will reveal the mechanisms behind how these agents improve clinical outcomes irrespective of their glucose-lowerin...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 25, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Takayoshi Kanie Atsushi Mizuno Yoshimitsu Takaoka Takahiro Suzuki Daisuke Yoneoka Yuri Nishikawa Wilson Wai San Tam Jakub Morze Andrzej Rynkiewicz Yiqiao Xin Olivia Wu Rui Providencia Joey Sw Kwong Source Type: research

FDA Approves Expanded Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) Indication for XARELTO ® (rivaroxaban) Plus Aspirin to Include Patients After Lower-Extremity Revascularization (LER) Due to Symptomatic PAD
RARITAN, N.J., August 24, 2021 – The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved an expanded peripheral artery disease (PAD) indication for the XARELTO® (rivaroxaban) vascular dose (2.5 mg twice daily plus aspirin 100 mg once daily) to include patients following recent lower-extremity revascularization (LER) due to symptomatic PAD. The approval is based on data from the Phase 3 VOYAGER PAD study. With this approval, XARELTO® is the first and only therapy indicated to help reduce the risks of major cardiovascular (CV) events in p...
Source: Johnson and Johnson - August 24, 2021 Category: Pharmaceuticals Tags: Innovation Source Type: news

N-Acetylcysteine: A Review of Clinical Usefulness (an Old Drug with New Tricks)
CONCLUSION: The use of N-acetylcysteine should be considered in a number of conditions as our population ages and levels of glutathione drop. Supplementation may contribute to reducing morbidity and mortality in some chronic conditions as outlined in the article.PMID:34221501 | PMC:PMC8211525 | DOI:10.1155/2021/9949453
Source: Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism - July 5, 2021 Category: Nutrition Authors: Gerry K Schwalfenberg Source Type: research