Filtered By:
Condition: Hydrocephalus

This page shows you your search results in order of relevance. This is page number 13.

Order by Relevance | Date

Total 527 results found since Jan 2013.

Diagnosis and Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Purpose of Review:: The purpose of this article is to present the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). SAH is a neurologic emergency that carries high morbidity and mortality. Patients with SAH are at risk for several significant neurologic complications, including hydrocephalus, cerebral edema, delayed cerebral ischemia, rebleeding, seizures, and neuroendocrine abnormalities that lead to impaired body regulation of sodium, water, and glucose. Recent Findings:: The incidence of SAH has remained stable, but mortality of hospitalized patients has significantly de...
Source: CONTINUUM - October 1, 2015 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Management of Intracranial Pressure
Purpose of Review:: Intracranial pressure (ICP) can be elevated in traumatic brain injury, large artery acute ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, intracranial neoplasms, and diffuse cerebral disorders such as meningitis, encephalitis, and acute hepatic failure. Raised ICP is also known as intracranial hypertension and is defined as a sustained ICP of greater than 20 mm Hg. Recent Findings:: ICP must be measured through an invasive brain catheter, typically an external ventricular catheter that can drain CSF and measure ICP, or through an intraparenchymal ICP probe. Proper recognition of the clinical signs of elevated...
Source: CONTINUUM - October 1, 2015 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Pharmacological Preventions of Brain Injury Following Experimental Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage: an Up-to-Date Review
Abstract Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is defined as the rupture of immature blood vessels in the subependymal zone of premature infants with significant mortality and morbidity. Considering the notable social and ecological stress brought by GMH-induced brain injury and sequelae, safe and efficient pharmacological preventions are badly needed. Currently, several appropriate animal models are available to mimic the clinical outcomes of GMH in human patients. In the long run, hemorrhagic strokes are the research target. Previously, we found that minocycline was efficient to alleviate GMH-induced brain edema and ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 11, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Factors influencing the outcome (GOS) in reconstructive cranioplasty
Abstract After performing a decompressive craniectomy, a cranioplastic surgery is usually warranted. The complications of this reconstructive procedure may differ from the initial operation. The authors of this study report on their experience to define patient-specific and procedural risk factors for possible complications following cranioplasty influencing the outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS)), mobility, shunt dependency, and seizures. A retrospective analysis of 263 patients of all ages and both sexes who had undergone cranioplasty after craniectomy for traumatic brain injury (including chronic subdural hem...
Source: Neurosurgical Review - December 1, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Source Type: research

Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging reveals net retrograde aqueductal flow in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.
CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of patients with iNPH, retrograde net aqueductal flow was observed in 16 (76%) of 21 patients. It was reversed toward the antegrade direction after shunt placement either by magnitude or completely in 9 (75%) of 12 patients examined using PC-MRI both before and after shunt placement (p = 0.04); 11 of the 12 were shunt responders. The study results question previously established concepts with respect to both CSF circulation pathways and CSF formation rate. PMID: 26636385 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Neurosurgery - December 4, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Ringstad G, Emblem KE, Eide PK Tags: J Neurosurg Source Type: research

Short term outcomes following clipping and coiling of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: does some of the benefit of coiling stem from less procedural impact on deranged physiology at presentation?
Conclusions More profound physiological derangement at baseline is a strong predictor of eventual poor outcome, and outcomes for patients with more profound baseline physiological derangement may be improved if undergoing a coiling procedure.
Source: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery - January 13, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Mortimer, A. M., Bradford, C., Steinfort, B., Faulder, K., Assaad, N., Harrington, T. Tags: Hemorrhagic stroke Source Type: research

MRI of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Publication date: Available online 20 January 2016 Source:Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI Author(s): William G. Bradley Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) is a syndrome found in the elderly which is characterized by ventriculomegaly and deep white matter ischemia (DWMI) on MRI and the clinical triad of gait disturbance, dementia and urinary incontinence. NPH has been estimated to account for up to 10% of cases of dementia and is significant because it is treatable by ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS). Patients with a known cause of chronic communicating hydrocephalus, ie, meningitis or hemorrhage, tend to respond ...
Source: Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI - January 21, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Nonsurgical therapy for hydrocephalus: a comprehensive and critical review
Abstract Pharmacological interventions have been tested experimentally and clinically to prevent hydrocephalus and avoid the need for shunting beginning in the 1950s. Clinical trials of varied quality have not demonstrated lasting and convincing protective effects through manipulation of cerebrospinal fluid production, diuresis, blood clot fibrinolysis, or manipulation of fibrosis in the subarachnoid compartment, although there remains some promise in the latter areas. Acetazolamide bolus seems to be useful for predicting shunt response in adults with hydrocephalus. Neuroprotection in the situation of established...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - February 5, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Is normal pressure hydrocephalus becoming less idiopathic?
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) has posed a challenge to neurologists for 5 decades.1 Difficulties in understanding its pathophysiology have hindered efforts to diagnose it and to develop a better approach to selecting patients for shunt surgery.
Source: Neurology - February 15, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Graff-Radford, N. R. Tags: All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke, All Cognitive Disorders/Dementia, All epidemiology EDITORIALS Source Type: research

Non-invasive Monitoring of Intracranial Pressure Using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography: Is It Possible?
Abstract Although intracranial pressure (ICP) is essential to guide management of patients suffering from acute brain diseases, this signal is often neglected outside the neurocritical care environment. This is mainly attributed to the intrinsic risks of the available invasive techniques, which have prevented ICP monitoring in many conditions affecting the intracranial homeostasis, from mild traumatic brain injury to liver encephalopathy. In such scenario, methods for non-invasive monitoring of ICP (nICP) could improve clinical management of these conditions. A review of the literature was performed on PUBMED ...
Source: Neurocritical Care - March 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Acute Posterior Cranial Fossa Hemorrhage—Is Surgical Decompression Better than Expectant Medical Management?
Conclusions SDC following PCFH was associated with a reduction in mortality compared to expectant MT with or without EVD insertion. A high-quality multicenter randomized control trial is required to evaluate the superiority of SDC for PCFH.
Source: Neurocritical Care - April 11, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Publication date: April 2016 Source:Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI, Volume 37, Issue 2 Author(s): William G. Bradley Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a syndrome found in the elderly, which is characterized by ventriculomegaly and deep white matter ischemia (DWMI) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the clinical triad of gait disturbance, dementia, and urinary incontinence. NPH has been estimated to account for up to 10% of cases of dementia and is significant because it is treatable by ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Patients with a known cause of chronic communicating hydrocephalus, that is, meningitis or ...
Source: Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI - April 12, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Cerebral venous thrombosis during tuberculous meningoencephalitis.
Abstract Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare disease characterized by its clinical polymorphism and multiplicity of risk factors. Infections represent less than 10% of etiologies. Tuberculosis is not a common etiology, only a few observations are published in the literature. Between January 2005 and March 2015, 61 patients were hospitalized for neuro-meningeal tuberculosis. Among them, three young women had presented one or more cerebral venous sinus thromboses. No clinical feature was observed in these patients; vascular localizations were varied: sagittal sinus (2 cases), lateral sinus (2 cases) and transver...
Source: Journal des Maladies Vasculaires - April 14, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Guenifi W, Boukhrissa H, Gasmi A, Rais M, Ouyahia A, Hachani A, Diab N, Mechakra S, Lacheheb A Tags: J Mal Vasc Source Type: research

Teaching NeuroImages: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome resulting in hydrocephalus
A woman with prior lung transplantation presented with headaches, seizure, and obtundation. Head MRI (figure) revealed obstructive hydrocephalus and hyperintensity on T2-weighted imaging in the bilateral thalami and brainstem. Management included antiepileptic medications, ventriculostomy placement, and cessation of tacrolimus for concern of atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Infectious and paraneoplastic etiologies were ruled out. An autoimmune process was unlikely due to immunosuppression. There was rapid clinical improvement with repeat MRI revealing resolution of hydrocephalus and T2 changes....
Source: Neurology - June 5, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Paolini, S., Jadhav, A. P. Tags: Hydrocephalus, Secondary headache disorders, Other cerebrovascular disease/ Stroke RESIDENT AND FELLOW SECTION Source Type: research

Change of cingulum following shunt operation for hydrocephalus in a patient with a haemorrhagic stroke
Hydrocephalus is a dilatation of the ventricular system of the brain, usually accompanied by an elevated intraventricular pressure. The increased pressure can cause compression of white matter adjacent to ventricles; shunt operation for hydrocephalus can be performed for decompression of the neural structures around the ventricles. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a recently introduced technique that enables evaluation of white matter by virtue of its ability to capture and represent water diffusion characteristics.
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - June 21, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: HanDo Lee, Sung Ho Jang Tags: Case Report Source Type: research