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Therapy: Antiviral Therapy

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Total 43 results found since Jan 2013.

City of Hope and Griffith University develop direct-acting antiviral to treat COVID-19
(City of Hope) An international team of scientists have developed an experimental direct-acting antiviral therapy to treat COVID-19. Traditional antivirals reduce symptoms and help people recover earlier. This next-generation antiviral approach used gene-silencing RNA technology called siRNA (small-interfering RNA) to attack the virus' genome directly, which stops the virus from replicating, as well as lipid nanoparticles designed at Griffith University and City of Hope to deliver the siRNA to the lungs, the critical site of infection.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - May 18, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: news

RNAi in Clinical Studies.
Abstract RNA interference (RNAi) is an efficient process of posttranscriptional gene silencing. In recent years it has been developed into a new technology in biopharmaceutical fields of science. RNAi products include short interference RNA (siRNA) but also short hairpin RNA (shRNA), bifunctional short hairpin RNA (bi-shRNA) and microRNA (miRNA). They combine with homologous fragments of the mRNA and cause its degradation. It results in inhibition of protein synthesis, or in mutation in the gene encoding it. RNAi has been used in analysis of genomes and creation of new animal models to test drugs. From the pharmac...
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - May 1, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kubowicz P, Zelaszczyk D, Pekala E Tags: Curr Med Chem Source Type: research

Nuclear Import and Export Inhibitors Alter Capsid Protein Distribution in Mammalian Cells and Reduce Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Replication.
Abstract Targeting host responses to invading viruses has been the focus of recent antiviral research. Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV) is able to modulate host transcription and block nuclear trafficking at least partially due to its capsid protein forming a complex with the host proteins importin α/β1 and CRM1. We hypothesized that disrupting the interaction of capsid with importin α/β1 or the interaction of capsid with CRM1 would alter capsid localization, thereby lowering viral titers in vitro. siRNA mediated knockdown of importin α, importin β1, and CRM1 altered capsid localization, confirmin...
Source: Antiviral Research - October 22, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Lundberg L, Pinkham C, Baer A, Amaya M, Narayanan A, Wagstaff KM, Jans DA, Kehn-Hall K Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

Herpesviruses and the microbiome
The focus of this article will be to examine the role of common herpesviruses as a component of the microbiome of atopic patients and to review clinical observations suggesting that atopic patients might be predisposed to more severe and atypical herpes-related illness because their immune response is biased toward a TH2 cytokine profile. Human populations are infected with 8 herpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus HSV1 and HSV2 (also termed HHV1 and HHV2), varicella zoster virus (VZV or HHV3), EBV (HHV4), cytomegalovirus (HHV5), HHV6, HHV7, and Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (termed KSV or HHV8). Herpesviru...
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - April 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: David H. Dreyfus Tags: Rostrum Source Type: research

Protein Phosphatase-1 Regulates Rift Valley Fever Virus Replication
Publication date: Available online 20 January 2016 Source:Antiviral Research Author(s): Alan Baer, Nazly Shafagati, Ashwini Benedict, Tatiana Ammosova, Andrey Ivanov, Ramin M. Hakami, Kaori Terasaki, Shinji Makino, Sergei Nekhai, Kylene Kehn-Hall Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), genus Phlebovirus family Bunyaviridae, is an arthropod-borne virus endemic throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Recent outbreaks have resulted in cyclic epidemics with an increasing geographic footprint, devastating both livestock and human populations. Despite being recognized as an emerging threat, relatively little is known about the virule...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - January 21, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Targeting the pseudorabies virus DNA polymerase processivity factor UL42 by RNA interference efficiently inhibits viral replication
This study provides a new clue for the design of an intervention strategy against herpesviruses by targeting their processivity factors.
Source: Antiviral Therapy - July 4, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Targeting the pseudorabies virus DNA polymerase processivity factor UL42 by RNA interference efficiently inhibits viral replication.
This study provides a new clue for the design of an intervention strategy against herpesviruses by targeting their processivity factors. PMID: 27387827 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Antiviral Research - July 3, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Wang YP, Huang LP, Du WJ, Wei YW, Wu HL, Feng L, Liu CM Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

Identification of proximal biomarkers of PKC agonism and evaluation of their role in HIV reactivation
Conclusion Overall, our results offer new insights into the mechanism of action of PKC agonists, biomarkers of pathway engagement, and the potential role of EGR family in HIV reactivation.
Source: Antiviral Therapy - November 23, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Antiviral screen identifies EV71 inhibitors and reveals camptothecin-target, DNA topoisomerase 1 as a novel EV71 host factor
Publication date: Available online 17 April 2017 Source:Antiviral Research Author(s): Kan Xing Wu, Justin Jang-Hann Chu Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) associated with severe neurological disease. EV71's pathogenesis remains poorly understood and the lack of approved antiviral has led to its emergence as a clinically important neurotropic virus. The goals of this study were to: (i) identify novel anti-EV71 compounds that may serve as lead molecules for therapeutics; and (ii) investigate their targets in downstream studies. We screened a 502-compound library of hi...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - April 17, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Enterovirus 71 suppresses interferon responses by blocking Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling through inducing karyopherin-{alpha}1 degradation Immunology
In this study, we found that in cells pretreated with IFN-β, EV71 infection could still lead to a cytopathic effect, and the viral replication was not affected. The mechanism by which EV71 antagonizes interferon signaling, however, has been controversial. Our study indicated that EV71 infection did not inhibit phosphorylation of STAT1/2 induced by IFN-β stimulation, but p-STAT1/2 transport into the nucleus was significantly blocked. We showed that EV71 infection reduced the formation of STAT/karyopherin-α1 (KPNA1) complex upon interferon stimulation and that the virus down-regulated the expression of KPNA1, a nuclear lo...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - June 16, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Chunyang Wang, Menghuai Sun, Xinhui Yuan, Lianfu Ji, Yu Jin, Carol J. Cardona, Zheng Xing Tags: Microbiology Source Type: research

Identification of KX2-391 as an inhibitor of HBV transcription by a recombinant HBV-based screening assay
This study used recombinant HBV encoding NanoLuc to screen anti-HBV compounds from 1827 US Food and Drug Administration approved compounds and identified several compounds that suppressed HBV infection. Among them, KX2-391, a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of SRC kinase and tubulin polymerization, was identified as a lead candidate for an anti-HBV drug. Treatment of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) transduced-HepG2 (HepG2-NTCP) or primary human hepatocytes with KX2-391 suppressed HBV replication in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-HBV activity of KX2-391 appeared not to depend on SRC kinase activity be...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - June 16, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Targeted inhibition of Hantavirus replication and intracranial pathogenesis by a chimeric protein-delivered siRNA
Publication date: Available online 7 October 2017 Source:Antiviral Research Author(s): Jie Yang, Ji-Feng Sun, Ting-Ting Wang, Xiao-Hong Guo, Jun-Xia Wei, Lin-Tao Jia, An-Gang Yang Hantavirus (HV) infection, which underlies hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, remains to be a severe clinical challenge. Here, we synthesized small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that target the encoding sequences of HV strain 76-118, and validated their inhibitory role in virus replication in HV-infected monkey kidney Vero E6 cells. A chimeric protein, 3G1-Cκ-tP, consisting of a single-chain antibody...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - October 8, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research

A recombinant VSV-vectored MERS-CoV vaccine induces neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in rhesus monkeys after single dose immunization
Publication date: Available online 12 December 2017 Source:Antiviral Research Author(s): Renqiang Liu, Jinliang Wang, Yu Shao, Xijun Wang, Huilei Zhang, Lei Shuai, Jinying Ge, Zhiyuan Wen, Zhigao Bu Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has been a highly threatening zoonotic pathogen since its outbreak in 2012. Similar to SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV belongs to the coronavirus family and can induce severe respiratory symptoms in humans, with an average case fatality rate of 35% according to the World Health Organization. Spike (S) protein of MERS-CoV is immunogenic and can induce neutralizing antibodies, thus is a...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - December 13, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Retinoic acid receptor β, a potential therapeutic target in the inhibition of adenovirus replication
In this study, a time-course transcriptome analysis of HAdV-infected human lung epithelial cells (A549 cells) was performed to investigate virus–host interactions, and several key host molecules involved in the HAdV infection process were identified. The RARβ (retinoic acid receptor β) molecule, one of the upstream regulatory factors of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), played important roles in HAdV replication. The results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting showed that RARβ mRNA and protein were downregulated by HAdV infection in the A549 cells. The knockdown of...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - February 6, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Lifecycle modelling systems support inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) as a pro-viral factor and antiviral target for New World arenaviruses
Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018Source: Antiviral ResearchAuthor(s): Eric C. Dunham, Anne Leske, Kyle Shifflett, Ari Watt, Heinz Feldmann, Thomas Hoenen, Allison GrosethAbstractInfection with Junín virus (JUNV) is currently being effectively managed in the endemic region using a combination of targeted vaccination and plasma therapy. However, the long-term sustainability of plasma therapy is unclear and similar resources are not available for other New World arenaviruses. As a result, there has been renewed interest regarding the potential of drug-based therapies. To facilitate work on this issue, we presen...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - July 20, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research