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PIEZO1 mechanoreceptor activation reduces adipogenesis in perivascular adipose tissue preadipocytes
In this study, we hypothesize that activation of PIEZO1 reduces adipogenesis in PVAT preadipocytes. The hypothesis was tested using pharmacological and mechanical activation of PIEZO1. Thoracic aorta PVAT (APVAT) was collected from 10-wk old male SD rats (n=15) to harvest preadipocytes that were differentiated to adipocytes in the presence of the PIEZO1 agonist Yoda1 (10 µM). Mechanical stretch was applied with the FlexCell System at 12% elongation, half-sine at 1 Hz simultaneously during the 4 d of adipogenesis (MS+, mechanical force applied; MS-, no mechanical force used). Yoda1 reduced adipogenesis by 33% compared wi...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - August 31, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Recombinant Thrombomodulin Attenuates Preeclamptic Symptoms by Inhibiting High Mobility Group Box 1 in Mice.
Abstract Preeclampsia (PE) is a common gestational complication that involves systemic endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory responses primarily due to placental damage. Recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM), a novel anti-coagulant clinically used for disseminated intravascular coagulation, is reported to have a unique anti-inflammatory endothelial repair function by inhibiting proinflammatory mediator high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Despite the severe patient outcomes, there are currently no effective therapeutic to treat PE. Here, we verified the efficacy of rTM as a novel therapeutic agent for PE using a murin...
Source: Endocrinology - January 6, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Oda H, Nagamatsu T, Schust DJ, Cabral H, Miyazaki T, Iriyama T, Kawana K, Osuga Y, Fujii T Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Protects From Angiotensin II-Induced Increases in Pulse Pressure and Oxidative Stress
Our previous work showed that the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is protective in the vasculature and kidneys during angiotensin (Ang) II-dependent hypertension by inhibiting oxidative stress. The goal of the current study was to assess the impact of GPER deletion on sex differences in Ang II-induced hypertension and oxidative stress. Male and female wildtype and GPER knockout mice were implanted with radiotelemetry probes for measurement of baseline blood pressure before infusion of Ang II (700 ng/kg/min) for two weeks. Mean arterial pressure was increased to the same extent in all groups, but female wildtype ...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - August 26, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

PKC-delta mediates mineralocorticoid receptor activation by angiotensin II to modulate smooth muscle cell function.
Abstract Angiotensin II (AngII) and the mineralocorticoid receptor(MR) ligand aldosterone, both contribute to cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension and adverse vascular remodeling.We previously demonstrated that AngII activates MR-mediated gene transcription in human vascular smooth muscle cells(SMC) yet the mechanism and the impact on SMC function are unknown.Using a MR responsive element-driven transcriptional reporter assay, we confirm that AngII induces MR transcriptional activity in multiple vascular SMC and endothelial cells, but not in Cos1 nor HEK293 cells.AngII activation of MR was blocked by t...
Source: Endocrinology - August 1, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lu Q, Davel AP, McGraw AP, Rao SP, Newfell BG, Jaffe IZ Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Loss of renal SNX5 results in impaired IDE activity and insulin resistance in mice
Conclusions/interpretationRenal SNX5 positively regulates IDE expression and function. This study is the first to demonstrate the novel and crucial role of renal SNX5 in insulin and glucose metabolism.
Source: Diabetologia - February 7, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Gastrin stimulates renal dopamine production by increasing the renal tubular uptake of L-DOPA
This study aimed to determine the mechanisms of the interaction between gastrin and dopamine and tested the hypothesis that gastrin produced in the kidney increases renal dopamine production to keep blood pressure within the normal range. We show that in human and mouse renal proximal tubule cells (hRPTCs and mRPTCs, respectively), gastrin stimulates renal dopamine production by increasing the cellular uptake of l-DOPA via the l-type amino acid transporter (LAT) at the plasma membrane. The uptake of l-DOPA in RPTCs from C57Bl/6J mice is lower than in RPTCs from normotensive humans. l-DOPA uptake in renal cortical slices is...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - December 31, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jiang, X., Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., Yang, J., Asico, L. D., Chen, W., Felder, R. A., Armando, I., Jose, P. A., Yang, Z. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Epigenetic Regulation of Placenta-Specific 8 Contributes to Altered Function of Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells Exposed to Intrauterine Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
This study provides strong evidence in neonatal endothelial progenitor cells that GDM exposure in utero leads to altered gene expression and DNA methylation, suggesting the possibility of altered epigenetic regulation.
Source: Diabetes - June 23, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Blue, E. K.; Sheehan, B. M.; Nuss, Z. V.; Boyle, F. A.; Hocutt, C. M.; Gohn, C. R.; Varberg, K. M.; McClintick, J. N.; Haneline, L. S. Tags: Genetics/Genomes/Proteomics/Metabolomics Source Type: research

Calpain-10 Activity Underlies Angiotensin II-induced Aldosterone Production in an Adrenal Glomerulosa Cell Model.
Abstract Aldosterone is a steroid hormone important in the regulation of blood pressure. Aberrant production of aldosterone results in the development and progression of diseases including hypertension and congestive heart failure; therefore, a complete understanding of aldosterone production is important for developing more effective treatments. Angiotensin II (AngII) regulates steroidogenesis, in part through its ability to increase intracellular calcium levels. Calcium can activate calpains, proteases classified as typical or atypical based on the presence or absence of penta-EF-hands, that are involved in vari...
Source: Endocrinology - April 2, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Seremwe M, Schnellmann RG, Bollag WB Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research