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Infectious Disease: Hepatitis

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Total 25 results found since Jan 2013.

Screening of an epigenetic compound library identifies BRD4 as a potential antiviral target for hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA transcription
In this study, we screened an epigenetic compound library in the cccDNA reporter cell line HepBHAe82, which produces the HA-tagged HBeAg in a cccDNA-dependent manner. Among the obtained hits, a bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor MS436 exhibited marked inhibition of cccDNA transcription in both HBV stable cell line HepAD38 and HepG2-NTCP or primary human hepatocyte infection system under noncytotoxic concentrations. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay demonstrated that MS436 dramatically reduced the enrichment of H3K27ac, an activating histone modification pattern, on cccDNA minichromosome. RNAseq diff...
Source: Antiviral Research - February 3, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Xiaoyang Yu Quanxin Long Sheng Shen Zhentao Liu Jithin Chandran Junjie Zhang Hao Ding Hu Zhang Dawei Cai Elena S Kim Yufei Huang Haitao Guo Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 657: HBsAg Loss as a Treatment Endpoint for Chronic HBV Infection: HBV Cure
ung Despite the availability of effective vaccines and antiviral therapy over the past two to three decades, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health threat as a leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Functional HBV cure defined as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and undetectable serum HBV DNA is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with chronic HBV infection. However, spontaneous loss of HBsAg is rare and occurs in only 1% of all HBsAg-positive individuals annually. Furthermore, the rate of functional cure with currently available antiviral therapy is eve...
Source: Viruses - March 22, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Maryam Moini Scott Fung Tags: Review Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 1334: Binding of Nanoparticles Harboring Recombinant Large Surface Protein of Hepatitis B Virus to Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1
Conclusions: SR-B1 can function as a receptor for binding and endocytosis of BNCs in HEK293T cells. Being expressed various types of cells, it is suggested that functions as a receptor for BNCs not only in HEK293T cells but also in other types of cells.
Source: Viruses - July 10, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Shuji Hinuma Kazuyo Fujita Shun ’ichi Kuroda Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 726: The Immunomodulatory CEA Cell Adhesion Molecule 6 (CEACAM6/CD66c) Is a Protein Receptor for the Influenza A Virus
Wirth Sunil K. Lal To establish a productive infection in host cells, viruses often use one or multiple host membrane glycoproteins as their receptors. For Influenza A virus (IAV) such a glycoprotein receptor has not been described, to date. Here we show that IAV is using the host membrane glycoprotein CD66c as a receptor for entry into human epithelial lung cells. Neuraminidase (NA), a viral spike protein, binds to CD66c on the cell surface during IAV entry into the host cells. Lung cells overexpressing CD66c showed an increase in virus binding and subsequent entry into the cell. Upon comparison, CD66c demonstrated...
Source: Viruses - April 21, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Shah Kamranur Rahman Mairaj Ahmed Ansari Pratibha Gaur Imtiyaz Ahmad Chandrani Chakravarty Dileep Kumar Verma Anshika Sharma Sanjay Chhibber Naila Nehal Dagmar Wirth Sunil K. Lal Tags: Article Source Type: research

Immunostimulatory siRNA with a uridine bulge leads to potent inhibition of HBV and activation of innate immunity
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is difficult to cure. HBV-specific immune tolerance plays a key role in HBV persistence, and enhancing cellular and humoral immunity will improve the control of HBV infection....
Source: Virology Journal - February 18, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Tingyu Lan, Zhiqiang Wei, Yulin He, Song Wan, Li Liu, Bin Cheng, Ruimin Li, Hongxia Chen, Guohua Liu and Zhongji Meng Tags: Research Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 1189: Are Viral Vectors Any Good for RNAi Antiviral Therapy?
m RNA interference (RNAi) represents a novel approach for alternative antiviral therapy. However, issues related to RNA delivery and stability have presented serious obstacles for obtaining good therapeutic efficacy. Viral vectors are capable of efficient delivery of RNAi as short interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA). Efficacy in gene silencing for therapeutic applications against viral diseases has been demonstrated in various animal models. Rotavirus (RV) miR-7 can inhibit rotavirus replication by targeting the RV nonstructural protein 5. Viral gene silencing by targeting the RNAi ...
Source: Viruses - October 20, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Kenneth Lundstrom Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 11, Pages 651: Effects of Moloney Leukemia Virus 10 Protein on Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Viral Replication
We report that MOV10 down-regulation, using siRNA, shRNA, and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, resulted in increased levels of HBV DNA, HBV pre-genomic RNA, and HBV core protein. In contrast, MOV10 over-expression reduced HBV DNA, HBV pre-genomic RNA, and HBV core protein. These effects were consistent in all tested cell lines, providing strong evidence for the involvement of MOV10 in the HBV life cycle. We demonstrated that MOV10 does not interact with HBV-core. However, MOV10 binds HBV pgRNA and this interaction does not affect HBV pgRNA decay rate. We conclude that the restriction of HBV by MOV10 is mediated through...
Source: Viruses - July 16, 2019 Category: Virology Authors: Maritza N. Puray-Chavez Mahmoud H. Farghali Vincent Yapo Andrew D. Huber Dandan Liu Tanyaradzwa P. Ndongwe Mary C. Casey Thomas G. Laughlin Mark Hannink Philip R. Tedbury Stefan G. Sarafianos Tags: Article Source Type: research

5′-triphosphate siRNA targeting HBx elicits a potent anti-HBV immune response in pAAV-HBV transfected mice
Publication date: Available online 15 November 2018Source: Antiviral ResearchAuthor(s): Qiuju Han, Zhaohua Hou, Chunlai Yin, Cai Zhang, Jian ZhangAbstractRNA with 5′-triphosphate (3p-RNA) is recognized by RNA sensor RIG-I (retinoic acid–inducible gene I protein). Previously, we reported that small interfering RNA targeting HBx (3p-siHBx) could confer potent anti–hepatitis B virus (HBV) efficacy via HBx silencing and RIG-I activation. However, the characteristics of innate and adaptive immunity especially exhaustion profiles in the liver microenvironment in response to 3p-siHBx therapy have not been fully elucidated. ...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - November 16, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

5'-triphosphate siRNA targeting HBx elicits a potent anti-HBV immune response in pAAV-HBV transfected mice.
Abstract RNA with 5'-triphosphate (3p-RNA) is recognized by RNA sensor RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I protein). Previously, we reported that small interfering RNA targeting HBx (3p-siHBx) could confer potent anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) efficacy via HBx silencing and RIG-I activation. However, the characteristics of innate and adaptive immunity especially exhaustion profiles in the liver microenvironment in response to 3p-siHBx therapy have not been fully elucidated. Here, we observed that 3p-siHBx more significantly inhibited HBV replication in vivo. 3p-siHBx enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activation wi...
Source: Antiviral Research - November 15, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Han Q, Hou Z, Yin C, Zhang C, Zhang J Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

Expression of Duplex shRNAs through a Lentiviral Vector against Cellular and Viral Genes Inflicts Sustained Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Replication
Conclusion: A lentiviral vector-based delivery system is a “single-shot” therapeutic strategy. It can express duplex shRNA for long-term synergistic inhibition of HCV and qualify as a promising therapeutic approach for sustained inhibition of HCV replication.Intervirology
Source: Intervirology - October 4, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Overcoming immune tolerance in chronic hepatitis B by therapeutic vaccination
Publication date: June 2018Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 30Author(s): Claudia Dembek, Ulrike Protzer, Michael RoggendorfThe currently used nucleoside analogs (i.e. entecavir and tenofovir) with high barrier-to-resistance efficiently suppress viral replication, limit inflammation and reduce the sequelae of chronic hepatitis B, but cannot cure the disease and thus have to be applied long-term. Therapeutic vaccination as an approach to cure chronic hepatitis B has shown promising pre-clinical results, nevertheless the proof of its efficacy in clinical trials is still missing. This may be partially due to subopti...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - July 10, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Caffeic acid inhibits HCV replication via induction of IFN α antiviral response through p62-mediated Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway
In this study, we showed that CA could notably inhibit HCV replication. Mechanism study demonstrated that CA could induce HO-1 expression, which would trigger the IFNα antiviral response, and the antiviral effect of CA was attenuated when HO-1 activity was inhibited by SnPP (an HO-1 inhibitor). CA could also increase erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. When Nrf2 was knocked down by specific siRNA, HO-1 expression was concomitantly decreased while HCV expression was restored. Further study indicated that kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) expression was decreased by CA in a p62/Sequestosome1 (p62)-depe...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - April 14, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Caffeic acid inhibits HCV replication via induction of IFN α antiviral response through p62-mediated Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
In this study, we showed that CA could notably inhibit HCV replication. Mechanism study demonstrated that CA could induce HO-1 expression, which would trigger the IFNα antiviral response, and the antiviral effect of CA was attenuated when HO-1 activity was inhibited by SnPP (an HO-1 inhibitor). CA could also increase erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. When Nrf2 was knocked down by specific siRNA, HO-1 expression was concomitantly decreased while HCV expression was restored. Further study indicated that kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) expression was decreased by CA in a p62/Sequestosome1 (p62)-depe...
Source: Antiviral Research - April 12, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Shen J, Wang G, Zuo J Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research