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Role of Lipoprotein(a) in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Current and Emerging Therapies
AbstractLipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is structurally like low-density lipoprotein (LDL) but differs in that it contains glycoprotein apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. Due to its prothrombotic and proinflammatory properties, Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and aortic valve stenosis. Lp(a) levels are genetically determined, and it is estimated that 20-25% of the global population has an Lp(a) level ≥50 mg/dL (or ≥125 nmol/L). Diet and lifestyle interventions have little to no effect on Lp(a) levels. Lipoprotein apheresis is the only approved treatment for elevated Lp(a) but i...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy - July 19, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ibrahim S. Alhomoud, Azita Talasaz, Anurag Mehta, Michael Kelly, Evan M. Sisson, John D. Bucheit, Roy Brown, Dave L. Dixon Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

SIRT6 regulates endothelium-dependent relaxation by modulating nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3)
CONCLUSIONS: We identified SIRT6 as a new regulator of the activity of NOS3, with functional implications for endothelial-dependent relaxation.PMID:36720357 | DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115439
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - January 31, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jiaojiao Wang Zhiping Liu Jing Lu Jiami Zou Weile Ye Hong Li Si Gao Peiqing Liu Source Type: research

Apigenin directly interacts with and inhibits topoisomerase 1 to upregulate CD26/DPP4 on colorectal carcinoma cells
Discussion: We conclude that apigenin has a unique fit into the Topo1-DNA functional complex that leads to direct inhibition of Topo1 activity, and suggest that this is the basis for the exceptional interaction with the CRC drug irinotecan. A combined action of these two agents may therefore exert a role to limit local signals that facilitate tumour progression.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - December 22, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Induction of autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by Pueraria flavonoids improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese mice
Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Nov 13;157:114005. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114005. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common among lipid metabolism disorders. Autophagy plays an important role in lipid metabolism in NAFLD. Pueraria flavonoids, the main active ingredients of Pueraria lobata, exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, we report the potential lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of Pueraria flavonoids on NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that Pueraria flavonoids reduced intracellular lipid deposition by...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - November 16, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Chunbin Sun Jin Zhang Jiong Hou Menglin Hui Hualong Qi Tong Lei Xiaoshuang Zhang Luxi Zhao Hongwu Du Source Type: research

Baicalin improved hepatic injury of NASH by regulating NRF2/HO-1/NRLP3 pathway
This study indicates that baicalin is able to attenuate hepatic cell pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro in the case of NASH by regulating the NRF2/HO-1/NRLP3 pathway.PMID:36184988 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175270
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - October 3, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Huilian Shi Fei Qiao Weiting Lu Kaiyue Huang Yuanyuan Wen Lifang Ye Yuanyuan Chen Source Type: research

Resolvin D3 improves the impairment of insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through AMPK/autophagy-associated attenuation of ER stress
Biochem Pharmacol. 2022 Aug 7:115203. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115203. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTResolvin D3 (RD3), an endogenous lipid mediator derived from omega-3 fatty acids, has been documented to attenuate inflammation in various disease models. Although it has been reported that omega-3 fatty acids attenuate metabolic disorders, the roles of RD3 in insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and hepatic lipid metabolism remain unclear. In the current study, we examined the role of RD3 in skeletal muscle insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis using in vitro and in vivo obesity models. In mouse primary hepatocytes, RD3 ...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - August 10, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Heeseung Oh Wonjun Cho A M Abd El-Aty Cemil Bayram Ji Hoon Jeong Tae Woo Jung Source Type: research

Safety and efficacy of therapies for chylomicronemia
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Jun 28. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2094768. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Primary chylomicronemia is characterized by pathological accumulation of chylomicrons in plasma causing severe hypertriglyceridemia, typically >10 mmol/L (>875 mg/dL). Patients with the ultra-rare familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) subtype completely lack lipolytic capacity and respond minimally to traditional triglyceride-lowering therapies. The mainstay of treatment is a low-fat diet, which is difficult to follow and compromises quality of life. New therapies are being developed primarily to ...
Source: Pharmacological Reviews - June 28, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Isabel Shamsudeen Robert A Hegele Source Type: research

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