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Source: Stem Cells

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Total 47 results found since Jan 2013.

EDG5 plays an important role in induction and maintenance of pluripotency
Graphical abstract summarizing the main findings generated from this study. AbstractDirect reprogramming of human somatic cells toward induced pluripotent stem cells holds great promise for regenerative medicine and basic biology. We used a high ‐throughput siRNA screening assay in the initiation phase of reprogramming for 784 genes belonging to kinase and phosphatase families and identified 68 repressors and 22 effectors. Six new candidates belonging to the family of the G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) were identified suggesting an important role for this key signalling pathway during somatic cell induced reprogra...
Source: Stem Cells - December 4, 2018 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Irina Neganova, Lewis Cotts, Peter Banks, Katja Gassner, Lyle Armstrong, Graham Ladds, Majlinda Lako Tags: Embryonic Stem Cells/Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Source Type: research

Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Acquire Chemoresistance through the Upregulation of FBXW7 and the Consequent Degradation of c ‐Myc
In conclusion, our study revealed that a CSC‐specific FBXW7‐regulatory mechanism is strongly associated with resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Inhibition of FBXW7‐upregulation in CSCs following chemotherapy may enhance the response to anticancer agents and represents an attractive strategy for the elimination of colorectal CSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. LGR5(+) colorectal CSCs are proliferative and highly expressing c‐Myc with the absence of anticancer agents. During the cell cycle arrest caused by the anticancer agents, c‐Myc expression was substantially decreased in col...
Source: Stem Cells - July 11, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Daisuke Izumi, Takatsugu Ishimoto, Keisuke Miyake, Tsugio Eto, Kota Arima, Yuki Kiyozumi, Tomoyuki Uchihara, Junji Kurashige, Masaaki Iwatsuki, Yoshifumi Baba, Yasuo Sakamoto, Yuji Miyamoto, Naoya Yoshida, Masayuki Watanabe, Ajay Goel, Patrick Tan, Hideo Tags: Cancer Stem Cells Source Type: research

Common and Distinctive Functions of the Hippo Effectors Taz and Yap in Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Function
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. In skeletal muscle, Taz and Yap both enhance satellite cell derived‐myoblast proliferation, but during the later stages of myogenesis, Taz switches to influence satellite cell fate by promoting myogenic differentiation over self‐renewal.
Source: Stem Cells - June 1, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Congshan Sun, Vanessa De Mello, Abdalla Mohamed, Huascar P. Ortuste Quiroga, Amaya Garcia ‐Munoz, Abdullah Al Bloshi, Annie. M Tremblay, Alexander von Kriegsheim, Elaina Collie‐Duguid, Neil Vargesson, David Matallanas, Henning Wackerhage, Peter S. Zam Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research

Slow ‐Myofiber Commitment by Semaphorin 3A Secreted from Myogenic Stem Cells
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Fiber‐type proportions are responsible for skeletal muscle properties including contractility, metabolism (glycolytic and oxidative), and fatigue resistance, as well as its susceptibility to disease conditions and its plasticity to respond to demands of exercise or disuse. The mechanism that restores the original muscle‐specific fiber‐type composition after a muscle regenerates from trauma or chemical insult is not well understood. Here we show that Sema3A ligand, which is secreted from resident myogenic stem satellite cells exclusively at the early‐diff...
Source: Stem Cells - May 7, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Ryuichi Tatsumi, Takahiro Suzuki, Mai ‐Khoi Q. Do, Yuki Ohya, Judy E. Anderson, Ayumi Shibata, Mai Kawaguchi, Shunpei Ohya, Hideaki Ohtsubo, Wataru Mizunoya, Shoko Sawano, Yusuke Komiya, Riho Ichitsubo, Koichi Ojima, Shin‐ichiro Nishimatsu, Tsutomu No Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research

The Endothelial Protein C Receptor is a Potential Stem Cell Marker for Epidermal Keratinocytes
Abstract Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) is a specific receptor for anticoagulant protein C and expressed by human epidermis and cultured keratinocytes. Here we investigated whether: (a) the level of EPCR in keratinocytes is associated with their growth potential; and (b) EPCR is a potential marker for human epidermal stem cells. Human keratinocytes isolated from foreskins or adult skin tissues were transfected with EPCR siRNA or EPCR overexpressing plasmids. Cell proliferation, long term proliferation potential, colony forming efficiency (CFE), and in vitro epidermal regeneration ability of EPCRhigh and EPCRl°w cel...
Source: Stem Cells - May 7, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Meilang Xue, Suat Dervish, Benjamin Chan, Christopher J. Jackson Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research

Bre Enhances Osteoblastic Differentiation by Promoting the Mdm2 ‐Mediated Degradation of p53
Abstract Bre is a conserved cellular protein expressed in various tissues. Its major function includes DNA damage repair and anti‐apoptosis. Recent studies indicate that Bre is potentially involved in stem cell differentiation although pathophysiological significance along with the molecular mechanisms is still unclear. Here, we report that Bre protein was substantially expressed in the bone tissue and its expression was highly upregulated during the osteogenic differentiation. To test a hypothesis that Bre plays functional roles in the process of osteogenic differentiation, we examined the expression of Bre in an osteop...
Source: Stem Cells - April 24, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Fujun Jin, Yiliang Wang, Xiaojing Wang, Yanting Wu, Xiaoyan Wang, Qiuying Liu, Yexuan Zhu, Enqi Liu, Jianglin Fan, Yifei Wang Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Microvesicles Attenuate Acute Lung Injury in Mice Partly Mediated by Ang ‐1 mRNA
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. MSC MVs improved lung injury as assessed by histology at 48 hours. H&E staining of lung section demonstrated a reduction in inflammatory cell influx, blood, edema, airspace congestion, and wall thickening (scale bars = 200μm). Ang‐1 SiRNA MSC MV significantly eliminated the beneficial effects of MSC MVs.
Source: Stem Cells - April 4, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Xiao ‐Dan Tang, Lin Shi, Antoine Monsel, Xiang‐Yang Li, Hui‐Li Zhu, Ying‐Gang Zhu, Jie‐Ming Qu Tags: Translational and Clinical Research Source Type: research

Prostaglandin E2 Indicates Therapeutic Efficacy Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Stem Cells - February 23, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Daniel J. Kota, Karthik S. Prabhakara, Naama Toledano ‐Furman, Deepa Bhattarai, Qingzheng Chen, Bryan DiCarlo, Philippa Smith, Fabio Triolo, Pamela L. Wenzel, Charles S. Cox Jr, Scott D. Olson Tags: Translational and Clinical Research Source Type: research

TGFβ‐Responsive HMOX1 Expression Is Associated with Stemness and Invasion in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal adult brain tumor. Resistance to standard radiation and chemotherapy is thought to involve survival of GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs). To date, no single marker for identifying GBM CSCs has been able to capture the diversity of CSC populations, justifying the needs for additional CSC markers for better characterization. Employing targeted mass spectrometry, here we present five cell‐surface markers HMOX1, SLC16A1, CADM1, SCAMP3, and CLCC1 which were found to be elevated in CSCs relative to healthy neural stem cells (NSCs). Transcriptomic analyses of REMBR...
Source: Stem Cells - July 3, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Dhiman Ghosh, Ilya V. Ulasov, LiPing Chen, Lualhati E. Harkins, Karolina Wallenborg, Parvinder Hothi, Steven Rostad, Leroy Hood, Charles S. Cobbs Tags: Cancer Stem Cell Source Type: research

TGF β‐Responsive HMOX1 Expression Is Associated with Stemness and Invasion in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal adult brain tumor. Resistance to standard radiation and chemotherapy is thought to involve survival of GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs). To date, no single marker for identifying GBM CSCs has been able to capture the diversity of CSC populations, justifying the needs for additional CSC markers for better characterization. Employing targeted mass spectrometry, here we present five cell‐surface markers HMOX1, SLC16A1, CADM1, SCAMP3, and CLCC1 which were found to be elevated in CSCs relative to healthy neural stem cells (NSCs). Transcriptomic analyses of REMBR...
Source: Stem Cells - July 3, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Dhiman Ghosh, Ilya V. Ulasov, LiPing Chen, Lualhati E. Harkins, Karolina Wallenborg, Parvinder Hothi, Steven Rostad, Leroy Hood, Charles S. Cobbs Tags: Cancer Stem Cell Source Type: research

TGFβ‐Responsive HMOX1 Expression is Associated with Stemness and Invasion in GBM
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Targeted proteomic analyses revealed elevated expressions of transmembrane proteins HMOX1 and SLC16A1 on the surface of glioblastoma cancer stem cells (CSCs) relative to healthy neural stem cells (NSCs). In the hypoxic region of the tumor, these proteins were found to be expressed among pseudopalisading glioma cells that also express known stem cell factors. From biological assays that are known to evaluate stemness, HMOX1 expression was found to be associated with stemness that could be regulated through TGFβ and PTEN signaling networks. Additionally, siRNA me...
Source: Stem Cells - June 28, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Dhiman Ghosh, Ilya V. Ulasov, LiPing Chen, Karolina Wallenborg, Parvinder Hothi, Leroy Hood, Charles S. Cobbs Tags: Cancer Stem Cells Source Type: research

The PI3K/AKT/c ‐MYC Axis Promotes the Acquisition of Cancer Stem‐Like Features in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
In conclusion, we have described a novel intratumoral heterogeneity in ESCC. The identification of the PI3K/AKT/c‐MYC axis as a driver of CSC‐like features carries therapeutic implications. Stem Cells 2016;34:2040–2051 Oxidative stress induced by H2O2 promotes RU/RR conversion and the acquisition of CSC‐like properties. (A) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H2O2 (500 μM for 24 hours) was measured by flow cytometry. (B) H2O2‐induced RU/RR conversion in KYSE150‐RU cells, as indicated by the increase of GFP‐positive cells and luciferase activity. Representative flow cytometry data at Day 4 was shown in...
Source: Stem Cells - May 22, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Hai ‐Feng Zhang, Chengsheng Wu, Abdulraheem Alshareef, Nidhi Gupta, Qing Zhao, Xiu‐E Xu, Ji‐Wei Jiao, En‐Min Li, Li‐Yan Xu, Raymond Lai Tags: Cancer Stem Cells Source Type: research

The PI3K/AKT/c‐MYC axis promotes the acquisition of cancer stem‐like features in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
In conclusion, we have described a novel intra‐tumoral heterogeneity in ESCC. The identification of the PI3K/AKT/c‐MYC axis as a driver of CSC‐like features carries therapeutic implications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Oxidative stress induced by H2O2 promotes RU/RR conversion and the acquisition of CSC‐like properties. (A) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H2O2 (500μM for 24h) was measured by flow cytometry. (B) H2O2‐induced RU/RR conversion in KYSE150‐RU cells, as indicated by the increase of GFP‐positive cells and luciferase activity. Representative flow cytometry ...
Source: Stem Cells - March 31, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Hai‐Feng Zhang, Chengsheng Wu, Abdulraheem Alshareef, Nidhi Gupta, Qing Zhao, Xiu‐E Xu, Ji‐Wei Jiao, En‐Min Li, Li‐Yan Xu, Raymond Lai Tags: Cancer Stem Cells Source Type: research

Correction of Mutant p63 in EEC Syndrome Using siRNA Mediated Allele‐Specific Silencing Restores Defective Stem Cell Function
This study demonstrates the phenotypic correction of mutant stem cells (OMESCs) in EEC syndrome by means of siRNA mediated AS silencing with restoration of function. The application of siRNA, alone or in combination with cell‐based therapies, offers a therapeutic strategy for corneal blindness in EEC syndrome. Stem Cells 2016; 00:000—000
Source: Stem Cells - March 16, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Vanessa Barbaro, Annamaria A. Nasti, Claudia Vecchio, Stefano Ferrari, Angelo Migliorati, Paolo Raffa, Vincenzo Lariccia, Patrizia Nespeca, Mariangela Biasolo, Colin E. Willoughby, Diego Ponzin, Giorgio Palù, Cristina Parolin, Enzo Iorio Tags: Regenerative Medicine Source Type: research

Correction of mutant p63 in EEC syndrome using siRNA mediated allele specific silencing restores defective stem cell function
This study demonstrates the phenotypic correction of mutant stem cells (OMESCs) in EEC syndrome by means of siRNA mediated allele‐specific silencing with restoration of function. The application of siRNA, alone or in combination with cell‐based therapies, offers a therapeutic strategy for corneal blindness in EEC syndrome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Stem Cells - February 17, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Vanessa Barbaro, Annamaria A. Nasti, Claudia Del Vecchio, Stefano Ferrari, Angelo Migliorati, Paolo Raffa, Vincenzo Lariccia, Patrizia Nespeca, Mariangela Biasolo, Colin E. Willoughby, Diego Ponzin, Giorgio Palù, Cristina Parolin, Enzo Di Iorio Tags: Regenerative Medicine Source Type: research