Filtered By:
Source: Autophagy

This page shows you your search results in order of date. This is page number 8.

Order by Relevance | Date

Total 127 results found since Jan 2013.

Ehrlichia secretes Etf-1 to induce autophagy and capture nutrients for its growth through RAB5 and class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
Abstract Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligatory intracellular bacterium that causes a potentially fatal emerging zoonosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis. E. chaffeensis has a limited capacity for biosynthesis and metabolism and thus depends mostly on host-synthesized nutrients for growth. Although the host cell cytoplasm is rich with these nutrients, as E. chaffeensis is confined within the early endosome-like membrane-bound compartment, only host nutrients that enter the compartment can be used by this bacterium. How this occurs is unknown. We found that ehrlichial replication depended on autophagy induction invol...
Source: Autophagy - August 18, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Lin M, Liu H, Xiong Q, Niu H, Cheng Z, Yamamoto A, Rikihisa Y Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Loss of autophagy enhances MIF/macrophage migration inhibitory factor release by macrophages.
Abstract MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor [glycosylation-inhibiting factor]) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in multiple cells types, including macrophages. MIF plays a pathogenic role in a number of inflammatory diseases and has been linked to tumor progression in some cancers. Previous work has demonstrated that loss of autophagy in macrophages enhances secretion of IL1 family cytokines. Here, we demonstrate that loss of autophagy, by pharmacological inhibition or siRNA silencing of Atg5, enhances MIF secretion by monocytes and macrophages. We further demonstrate that this is dependent on mit...
Source: Autophagy - May 9, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Lee JP, Foote A, Fan H, de Castro CP, Lang T, Jones SA, Gavrilescu N, Mills KH, Leech M, Morand EF, Harris J Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Identification of modulators of autophagic flux in an image-based high content siRNA screen.
Abstract Autophagy is the primary process for recycling cellular constituents through lysosomal degradation. In addition to nonselective autophagic engulfment of cytoplasm, autophagosomes can recognize specific cargo by interacting with ubiquitin-binding autophagy receptors such as SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1). This selective form of autophagy is important for degrading aggregation-prone proteins prominent in many neurodegenerative diseases. We carried out a high content image-based siRNA screen (4 to 8 siRNA per gene) for modulators of autophagic flux by monitoring fluorescence of GFP-SQSTM1 as well as colocalizat...
Source: Autophagy - April 1, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Hale CM, Cheng Q, Ortuno D, Huang M, Nojima D, Kassner PD, Wang S, Ollmann MM, Carlisle HJ Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Autophagy mediated CoCrMo particle-induced peri-implant osteolysis by promoting osteoblast apoptosis.
Abstract Wear particle-induced osteolysis is the leading cause of aseptic loosening, which is the most common reason for THA (total hip arthroplasty) failure and revision surgery. Although existing studies suggest that osteoblast apoptosis induced by wear debris is involved in aseptic loosening, the underlying mechanism linking wear particles to osteoblast apoptosis remains almost totally unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of autophagy on osteoblast apoptosis induced by CoCrMo metal particles (CoPs) in vitro and in a calvarial resorption animal model. Our study demonstrated that CoPs stimula...
Source: Autophagy - November 13, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang Z, Liu N, Liu K, Zhou G, Gan J, Wang Z, Shi T, He W, Wang L, Guo T, Bao N, Wang R, Huang Z, Chen J, Dong L, Zhao J, Zhang J Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Elevated autophagy gene expression in adipose tissue of obese humans: A potential non-cell-cycle-dependent function of E2F1.
Abstract Autophagy genes' expression is upregulated in visceral fat in human obesity, associating with obesity-related cardio-metabolic risk. E2F1 (E2F transcription factor 1) was shown in cancer cells to transcriptionally regulate autophagy. We hypothesize that E2F1 regulates adipocyte autophagy and endocrine/metabolic function in obesity, representing non-cell-cycle function of this transcription factor. E2F1 protein (N=69) and mRNA (N=437) were elevated in visceral fat of obese humans, correlating with increased expression of ATG5 (autophagy related 5), MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain ...
Source: Autophagy - September 22, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Haim Y, Blüher M, Slutsky N, Goldstein N, Klöting N, Harman-Boehm I, Kirshtein B, Ginsberg D, Gericke M, Guiu Jurado E, Kovsan J, Tarnovscki T, Kachko L, Bashan N, Gepner Y, Shai I, Rudich A Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

The activation of KSHV lytic cycle blocks autophagy in PEL cells.
This study confirms that autophagy is activated concomitantly with KSHV lytic cycle induction, and that autophagy inhibition by BECN1 knockdown reduces viral lytic gene expression. In addition, we extend previous observations and show that autophagy is blocked at late steps, during viral replication. This is indicated by the lack of colocalization of autophagosomes and lysosomes and by the LC3-II level that does not increase in the presence of bafilomycin A1 in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells induced to enter the lytic cycle, either by TPA/sodium butyrate (BC3 and BCBL1) or by doxycycline (TRExBCBL1-Rta). The autopha...
Source: Autophagy - September 21, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Granato M, Santarelli R, Filardi M, Gonnella R, Farina A, Torrisi MR, Faggioni A, Cirone M Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

RAB24 facilitates clearance of autophagic compartments during basal conditions.
This study places RAB24 function in the termination of the autophagic process under nutrient-rich conditions. PMID: 26325487 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Autophagy - September 1, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Ylä-Anttila P, Mikkonen E, Otteby KE, Holland P, Ueno T, Simonsen A, Eskelinen EL Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Autophagy of cytoplasmic bulk cargo does not require LC3.
Abstract To investigate the role of LC3 in bulk autophagy we compared its autophagic-lysosomal processing (using an improved quantitative immunoblotting method) with autophagic-lysosomal bulk cargo flux (measured by our established LDH [lactate dehydrogenase] sequestration assay) in amino acid-starved rat hepatocytes treated with cycloheximide to prevent new LC3 influx. Block-release experiments with the reversible autophagy inhibitors 3methyladenine (3MA) and thapsigargin (TG) showed that while only 3MA suppressed phagophoric LC3 attachment (lipidation), both inhibitors prevented phagophore closure (cargo sequest...
Source: Autophagy - August 3, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Engedal N, Seglen PO Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Induce Autophagy through FOXO1-Dependent Pathways.
In this study, we first observed that HDACIs increased the expression of FOXO1 at the mRNA and protein level. Second, we found that FOXO1 transcriptional activity was enhanced by HDACIs, as evidenced by increased FOXO1 nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity. Third, suppression of FOXO1 function by siRNA knockdown or by a chemical inhibitor markedly blocked HDACIs-induced autophagy. Moreover, we found that FOXO1-mediated autophagy is achieved via its transcriptional activation, leading to a dual effect on autophagy induction: (i) enhanced expression of autophagy-related (ATG) genes, and (ii) suppression of MTOR v...
Source: Autophagy - April 28, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang J, Ng S, Wang J, Zhou J, Tan SH, Yang N, Lin Q, Xia D, Shen HM Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Retinoic acid-induced IgG production in TLR-activated human primary B cells involves ULK1-mediated autophagy.
Abstract In the present study we have established a vital role of autophagy in retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of toll-like receptor (TLR)-stimulated human B cells into Ig-secreting cells. Thus, RA enhanced autophagy in TLR9- and CD180-stimulated peripheral blood B cells, as revealed by increased levels of the autophagosomal marker LC3B-II, enhanced colocalization between LC3B and the lysosomal marker Lyso-ID, by a larger percentage of cells with more than 5 characteristic LC3B puncta, and by the concomitant reduction in the level of SQSTM1/p62. Furthermore, RA induced expression of the autophagy-induci...
Source: Autophagy - March 6, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Eriksen AB, Torgersen ML, Holm KL, Abrahamsen G, Spurkland A, Moskaug JØ, Simonsen A, Blomhoff HK Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

The human CD5L/AIM-CD36 axis: A novel autophagy inducer in macrophages that modulates inflammatory responses.
Abstract CD5L (CD5 molecule-like) is a secreted glycoprotein that participates in host response to bacterial infection. CD5L influences the monocyte inflammatory response to the bacterial surface molecules lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) by inhibiting TNF secretion. Here we studied the intracellular events that lead to macrophage TNF inhibition by human CD5L. To accomplish this goal, we performed functional analyses with human monocytic THP1 macrophages, as well as with peripheral blood monocytes. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) reversed the inhibitory effect of CD5L on ...
Source: Autophagy - February 25, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Sanjurjo L, Amézaga N, Aran G, Naranjo-Gómez M, Arias L, Armengol C, Borràs FE, Sarrias MR Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

TXNDC17 promotes paclitaxel resistance via inducing autophagy in ovarian cancer.
Abstract Paclitaxel is recommended as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent against ovarian cancer, but drug resistance becomes a major limitation of its success clinically. The key molecule or mechanism associated with paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer still remains unclear. Here, we showed that TXNDC17 screened from 356 differentially expressed proteins by LC-MS/MS label-free quantitative proteomics was more highly expressed in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells and tissues, and the high expression of TXNDC17 was associated with poorer prognostic factors and exhibited shortened survival in 157 ovaria...
Source: Autophagy - January 21, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang SF, Wang XY, Fu ZQ, Peng QH, Zhang JY, Ye F, Fu YF, Zhou CY, Lu WG, Cheng XD, Xie X Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Autophagy-dependent PELI3 degradation inhibits proinflammatory IL1B expression.
Abstract Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4) is followed by a subsequent overwhelming inflammatory response, a hallmark of the first phase of sepsis. Therefore, counteracting excessive innate immunity by autophagy is important to contribute to the termination of inflammation. However, the exact molecular details of this interplay are only poorly understood. Here, we show that PELI3/Pellino3 (pellino E3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 3), which is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and scaffold protein in TLR4-signaling, is impacted by autophagy in macrophages (MΦ) after LPS stimu...
Source: Autophagy - August 18, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Giegerich AK, Kuchler L, Sha LK, Knape T, Heide H, Wittig I, Behrends C, Brüne B, von Knethen A Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

The membrane peroxin PEX3 induces peroxisome-ubiquitination-linked pexophagy.
Abstract Peroxisomes are degraded by a selective type of autophagy known as pexophagy. Several different types of pexophagy have been reported in mammalian cells. However, the mechanisms underlying how peroxisomes are recognized by autophagy-related machinery remain elusive. PEX3 is a peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP) that functions in the import of PMPs into the peroxisomal membrane and has been shown to interact with pexophagic receptor proteins during pexophagy in yeast. Thus, PEX3 is important not only for peroxisome biogenesis, but also for peroxisome degradation. However, whether PEX3 is involved in the deg...
Source: Autophagy - June 30, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Yamashita SI, Abe K, Tatemichi Y, Fujiki Y Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Glutathione transferase mu 2 protects glioblastoma cells against aminochrome toxicity by preventing autophagy and lysosome dysfunction.
Abstract U373MG cells constitutively express glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (GSTM2) and exhibit (3)H-dopamine uptake, which is inhibited by 2 µM of nomifensine and 15 µM of estradiol. We generated a stable cell line (U373MGsiGST6) expressing an siRNA against GSTM2 that resulted in low GSTM2 expression (26% of wild-type U373MG cells). A significant increase in cell death was observed when U373MGsiGST6 cells were incubated with 50 µM purified aminochrome (18-fold increase) compared with wild-type cells. The incubation of U373MGsiGST6 cells with 75 µM aminochrome resulted in the formation of autophagic vacuoles c...
Source: Autophagy - January 14, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Huenchuguala S, Muñoz P, Zavala P, Villa M, Cuevas C, Ahumada U, Graumann R, Nore BF, Couve E, Mannervik B, Paris I, Segura-Aguilar J Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research