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Source: Autophagy

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Total 127 results found since Jan 2013.

CCDC88A/GIV promotes HBV replication and progeny secretion via enhancing endosomal trafficking and blocking autophagic degradation
In conclusion, CCDC88A/GIV enhanced HBV replication by increasing endosomal trafficking and reducing autophagic degradation of HBV antigens, suggesting that CCDC88A/GIV-mediated endosomal trafficking plays an important role in HBV replication and progeny secretion.AbbreviationsACTB: actin beta; AO: acridine orange; ATF6: activating transcription factor 6; CCDC88A/GIV: coiled-coil domain containing 88A; CLTC: clathrin heavy chain; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DNM2: dynamin 2; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERN1: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; EIF2A: eukaryotic translation initiation facto...
Source: Autophagy - June 30, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Xueyu Wang Zhiqiang Wei Tingyu Lan Yulin He Bin Cheng Ruimin Li Hongxia Chen Fahong Li Guohua Liu Bin Jiang Yong Lin Mengji Lu Zhongji Meng Source Type: research

Modulating FKBP5/FKBP51 and autophagy lowers HTT (huntingtin) levels
Autophagy. 2021 May 24:1-22. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1904489. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCurrent disease-modifying therapies for Huntington disease (HD) focus on lowering mutant HTT (huntingtin; mHTT) levels, and the immunosuppressant drug rapamycin is an intriguing therapeutic for aging and neurological disorders. Rapamycin interacts with FKBP1A/FKBP12 and FKBP5/FKBP51, inhibiting the MTORC1 complex and increasing cellular clearance mechanisms. Whether the levels of FKBP (FK506 binding protein) family members are altered in HD models and if these proteins are potential therapeutic targets for HD have not been invest...
Source: Autophagy - May 24, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Barbara J Bailus Stephen M Scheeler Jesse Simons Maria A Sanchez Kizito-Tshitoko Tshilenge Jordi Creus-Muncunill Swati Naphade Alejandro Lopez-Ramirez Ningzhe Zhang Kuruwitage Lakshika Madushani Stanislav Moroz Ashley Loureiro Katherine H Schreiber Felix Source Type: research

Deletion of < em > Ulk1 < /em > inhibits neointima formation by enhancing KAT2A/GCN5-mediated acetylation of TUBA/ α-tubulin < em > in vivo < /em >
Autophagy. 2021 May 14:1-18. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1911018. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase) has a central role in initiating macroautophagy/autophagy, a process that contributes to atherosclerosis and neointima hyperplasia, or excessive tissue growth that leads to vessel dysfunction. However, the role of ULK1 in neointima formation remains unclear. We aimed to determine how Ulk1 deletion affected neointima formation and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. We measured autophagy activity, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and neointima hyperplasia in cultured...
Source: Autophagy - May 14, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Changhan Ouyang Jian Li Xiaoxu Zheng Jing Mu Gloria Torres Qilong Wang Ming-Hui Zou Zhonglin Xie Source Type: research

Lipotoxicity reduces DDX58/Rig-1 expression and activity leading to impaired autophagy and cell death
This study uncovers the unexpected role of immune surveillance protein DDX58/Rig-1 (DExD/H box helicase 58) in activating macroautophagy/autophagy and protecting from lipotoxicity associated with NAFLD. Here we show for the first time that DDX58 protein is significantly reduced in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mouse model, an aggressive form of NAFLD characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the liver. In addition to decreased expression of DDX58, we found that DDX58 activity can be attenuated by treatments with palmitic acid (PA), a saturated fatty acid. To investigate whether PA inhibition of DDX58 is harmful t...
Source: Autophagy - May 10, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Karla K Frietze Alyssa M Brown Dividutta Das Raymond G Franks Jessie Lee Cunningham Michael Hayward Joseph T Nickels Source Type: research

Coxsackievirus B3 targets TFEB to disrupt lysosomal function
Autophagy. 2021 Mar 10:1-15. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1896925. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCoxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a prevalent etiological agent for viral myocarditis and neurological disorders, particularly in infants and young children. Virus-encoded proteinases have emerged as cytopathic factors that contribute to disease pathogenesis in part through targeting the cellular recycling machinery of autophagy. Although it is appreciated that CVB3 can usurp cellular macroautophagy/autophagy for pro-viral functions, the precise mechanisms by which viral proteinases disrupt autophagy remain incompletely understood. Her...
Source: Autophagy - March 11, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Yasir Mohamud Hui Tang Yuan Chao Xue Huitao Liu Chen Seng Ng Amirhossein Bahreyni Honglin Luo Source Type: research

Identification of Novel Lipid Droplet Factors that Regulate Lipophagy and Cholesterol Efflux in Macrophage Foam Cells.
Abstract Macrophage autophagy is a highly anti-atherogenic process that promotes the catabolism of cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) to maintain cellular lipid homeostasis. Selective autophagy relies on tags such as ubiquitin and a set of selectivity factors including selective autophagy receptors (SARs) to label specific cargo for degradation. Originally described in yeast cells, 'lipophagy' refers to the degradation of LDs by autophagy. Yet, how LDs are targeted for autophagy is poorly defined. Here, we employed mass spectrometry to identify lipophagy factors within the macrophage foam cell LD proteome. In addition...
Source: Autophagy - February 16, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Robichaud S, Fairman G, Vijithakumar V, Mak E, Cook DP, Pelletier AR, Huard S, Vanderhyden BC, Figeys D, Lavallée-Adam M, Baetz K, Ouimet M Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome attenuates apoptosis in contrast-induced acute kidney injury through the upregulation of HIF1A and BNIP3-mediated mitophagy.
This study elucidated a novel mechanism in which NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition attenuated apoptosis and upregulated HIF1A and BNIP3-mediated mitophagy in CI-AKI. Additionally, this study demonstrated the potential applications of MCC950 and roxadustat in clinical CI-AKI treatment. Abbreviations: BNIP3: BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3; Ctrl: control; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride; EGLN2/PHD1: egl-9 family hypoxia-inducible factor 2; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit; H-E: hematoxylin and eosin; IL18: interleukin 18; IL1B: interleukin 1 beta; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane...
Source: Autophagy - December 19, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Lin Q, Li S, Jiang N, Jin H, Shao X, Zhu X, Wu J, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Shen J, Zhou W, Gu L, Lu R, Ni Z Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

TXNIP/VDUP1 attenuates steatohepatitis via autophagy and fatty acid oxidation.
Abstract Impaired macroautophagy/autophagy has been implicated in experimental and human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanism underlying autophagy dysregulation in NASH is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of TXNIP/VDUP1 (thioredoxin interacting protein), a key mediator of cellular stress responses, in the pathogenesis of NASH. Hepatic TXNIP expression was upregulated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and in methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed mice, as well as in palmitic acid (PA)-treated hepatocytes. Upregulation of hepatic TXNIP was p...
Source: Autophagy - November 16, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Park HS, Song JW, Park JH, Lim BK, Moon OS, Son HY, Lee JH, Gao B, Won YS, Kwon HJ Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

HIV-1 Env induces pexophagy and an oxidative stress leading to uninfected CD4+ T cell death.
Abstract The immunodeficiency observed in HIV-1-infected patients is mainly due to uninfected bystander CD4+ T lymphocyte cell death. The viral envelope glycoproteins (Env), expressed at the surface of infected cells, play a key role in this process. Env triggers macroautophagy/autophagy, a process necessary for subsequent apoptosis, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bystander CD4+ T cells. Here, we demonstrate that Env-induced oxidative stress is responsible for their death by apoptosis. Moreover, we report that peroxisomes, organelles involved in the control of oxidative stress, are targeted...
Source: Autophagy - October 19, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Daussy CF, Galais M, Pradel B, Robert-Hebmann V, Sagnier S, Pattingre S, Biard-Piechaczyk M, Espert L Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

SSH1 impedes SQSTM1/p62 flux and MAPT/Tau clearance independent of CFL (cofilin) activation.
Abstract Accumulation of toxic protein assemblies and damaged mitochondria are key features of neurodegenerative diseases, which arise in large part from clearance defects in the Macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosome system. The autophagy cargo receptor SQSTM1/p62 plays a major role in the clearance of ubiquitinated cargo through Ser403 phosphorylation by multiple kinases. However, no phosphatase is known to physiologically dephosphorylate SQSTM1 on this activating residue. RNAi-mediated knockdown and overexpression experiments using genetically encoded fluorescent reporters and defined mutant constructs in cell lines...
Source: Autophagy - October 12, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Fang C, Woo JA, Liu T, Zhao X, Cazzaro S, Yan Y, Matlack J, Kee T, LePochat P, Kang DE Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

SMAD3 promotes autophagy dysregulation by triggering lysosome depletion in tubular epithelial cells in diabetic nephropathy.
In conclusion, SMAD3 promotes lysosome depletion via the inhibition of TFEB-dependent lysosome biogenesis; this may be an important mechanism underlying autophagy dysregulation in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Abbreviations: AGEs: advanced glycation end products; ATP6V1H: ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit H; CTSB: cathepsin B; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; Co-BSA: control bovine serum albumin; DN: diabetic nephropathy; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FN1: fibronectin 1; HAVCR1/TIM1/KIM-1: hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LMP: lysosome membran...
Source: Autophagy - October 12, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Yang C, Chen XC, Li ZH, Wu HL, Jing KP, Huang XR, Ye L, Wei B, Lan HY, Liu HF Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research