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Exposure of silver nanocolloids causes glycosylation disorders and embryonic deformities in medaka
This study addressed the glycobiological effects of SNC exposure on medaka embryogenesis. After exposure of medaka embryos to SNC, deformities such as small heads and deformed eyes were observed. The expression of five glycan-related genes (alg2, gnsb, b4galt2, b3gat1a, and b3gat2) was significantly altered, with changes depending on the embryonic stage at exposure, with more severe deformities with exposure at earlier stages. In situ hybridization analyses indicated that the five genes were expressed mainly in the head region; exposure of SNC suppressed alg2 and gnsb and enhanced b4galt2 and b3gat1a expression relative to...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - September 20, 2021 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kaori Shimizu Daisuke Kotajima Kensuke Fukao Futaba Mogi Risa Horiuchi Chisato Kataoka Yoshihiro Kagami Misato Fujita Nobumitsu Miyanishi Shosaku Kashiwada Source Type: research

Evaluating the protective effects of individual or combined ginsenoside compound K and the downregulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase expression against sodium valproate-induced liver cell damage
This study aimed to assess the effect of G-CK on SVP-induced cytotoxicity in human hepatocytes (L02 cell line), as well as the effect of the downregulation of sEH expression on both the hepatotoxicity of SVP and the hepatoprotective effects of G-CK. We observed that G-CK significantly ameliorated the decrease of cell viability, elevated ALT, AST and ALP activities, significant oxidative stress, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by SVP in L02 cells. G-CK also inhibited the SVP-mediated upregulation of sEH. Transfection of the L02 cells with siRNA-sEH led to a partial improvement in the L02 cytotoxicity ca...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - April 29, 2021 Category: Toxicology Authors: Luping Zhou Xiangchang Zeng Tai Rao Zhirong Tan Gan Zhou Dongsheng Ouyang Lulu Chen Source Type: research

Role of calcitonin gene-related peptide in pain regulation in the parabrachial nucleus of naive rats and rats with neuropathic pain.
This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of CGRP and CGRP receptors in pain regulation in the PBN of naive and neuropathic pain rats. Chronic sciatic nerve ligation was used to model neuropathic pain, CGRP and CGRP 8-37 were injected into the PBN of the rats, and calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), a main structure of CGRP receptor, was knocked down by lentivirus-coated CLR siRNA. The hot plate test (HPT) and the Randall Selitto Test (RST) was used to determine the latency of the rat hindpaw response. The expression of CLR was detected with RT-PCR and western blotting. We found that intra-PBN injecting of CG...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - January 29, 2021 Category: Toxicology Authors: Wang LL, Wang HB, Fu FH, Yu LC Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Soybean lectin induces autophagy through P2RX7 dependent activation of NF- κB-ROS pathway to kill intracellular mycobacteria.
Conclusion Taken together, these results conclude that SBL induced autophagy exerts an anti-mycobacterial effect in P2RX7-NF-κB dependent manner through the generation of ROS. General significance This study has provided a novel anti-mycobacterial role of SBL, which may play an important role in devising new therapeutic interventions. PMID: 33301752 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - December 7, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Mishra A, Behura A, Kumar A, Ghosh A, Naik L, Mawatwal S, Mohanty SS, Mishra A, Saha S, Bhutia SK, Singh R, Dhiman R Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

MST2 silencing induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth for estrogen receptor alpha-positive MCF-7 breast cancer.
Abstract Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1/2 (MST1/2) plays an important role in cell growth and apoptosis and functions as a tumor suppressor. Previously, we showed that MST2 overexpression activates Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells in the absence of a ligand. Here, we examined the role of MST2 in the growth of ER-positive MCF-7 cells. Cell cycle, apoptosis, and mammosphere formation assay method were implemented to detect the biological effects of MST2 ablation on the growth of MCF-7 cells in vitro. The effect of MST2-siRNA on MCF-7 cells tumor growth in vivo was studied in tumo...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - September 28, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Park J, Kim GH, Lee J, Phuong BTC, Kong B, Won JE, Won GW, Lee YH, Han HD, Lee Y Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Oxymatrine ameliorates Imiquimod-induced psoriasis pruritus and inflammation through inhibiting heat shock protein 90 and heat shock protein 60 expression in keratinocytes.
Abstract In this work, we aimed to investigate whether oxymatrine exerts its anti-pruritic and anti-inflammatory efficacy in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis mice and the related mechanism. We established the psoriasis model by applying the imiquimod ointment topically and oxymatrine was injected intraperitoneally as the treatment. The behavior and skin morphology results indicated that oxymatrine inhibits imiquimod-induced pruritus alleviating keratinization of skin and inflammatory infiltration. Moreover, we examined the expression of various indicators and found heat shock protein (HSP) 90 and 60 upregulated in ...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - August 20, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Xiang X, Tu C, Li Q, Wang W, Huang X, Zhao Z, Xiong H, Mei Z Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Hesperetin protects against palmitate-induced cellular toxicity via induction of GRP78 in hepatocytes.
In conclusion, hesperetin protected against palmitate-induced hepatic cell death via activation of the sXBP1/GRP78 signaling pathway, thus inhibiting palmitate-induced ER stress. Moreover, high concentrations of hesperetin induce ER stress and subsequently cause cell death in hepatocytes. PMID: 32763355 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - August 4, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Geng Y, Wu Z, Buist-Homan M, Blokzijl H, Moshage H Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Arsenic trioxide disturbs the LIS1/NDEL1/dynein microtubule dynamic complex by disrupting the CLIP170 zinc finger in head and neck cancer.
Abstract Cancer mortality is mainly caused by metastasis, which requires dynamic remodeling of cytoskeletal components such as microtubules. Targeting microtubules presents a promising antimetastatic strategy that could prevent cancer spreading and recurrence. It is known that arsenic trioxide (ATO) is able to inhibit the migration and invasion of solid malignant tumors, but its exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report a novel molecular target and antimetastatic mechanism of ATO in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We found that cytoplasmic linker protein 170 (CLIP170) was overexpres...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - July 23, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Gao L, Xue B, Xiang B, Liu KJ Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Group II muscarinic acetylcholine receptors attenuate hepatic injury via Nrf2/ARE pathway.
Abstract Parasympathetic nervous system dysfunction is common in patients with liver disease. We have previously shown that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAchRs) play an important role in the regulation of hepatic fibrosis and that the receptor agonists and antagonists affect hepatocyte proliferation. However, little is known about the impact of the different mAchR subtypes and associated signaling pathways on liver injury. Here, we treated the human liver cell line HL7702 with 10 mmol/L carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) to induce hepatocyte damage. We found that CCL4 treatment increased the protein levels of gr...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - March 27, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Luo L, Zhang G, Mao L, Wang P, Xi C, Shi G, Leavenworth JW Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

H1R mediates local anesthetic-induced vascular permeability in angioedema.
This study supported a key role of H1R in LA-induced angioedema, and suggested that in the design of LA structure, the ring formation of the N-methyl scaffold on the side chain can properly avoid the angioedema. PMID: 32061592 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - February 11, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Cao J, Zhang Y, Che D, Liu R, Yang L, Zhang T, He L Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

ROS -mediated p53 activation by juglone enhances apoptosis and autophagy in vivo and in vitro.
Abstract Juglone (JG) exhibits a broad-spectrum of cytotoxicity against some cancer cells. However, its molecular mechanisms have not been investigated well. Here, the present results showed that JG significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. CCK-8 assays, flow cytometric analysis, western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that JG effectively inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through extrinsic pathways. We also observed that JG treatment induced autophagy flux via activiting the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, we found that JG enhanced p53 activation by increasing down-regulat...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - July 4, 2019 Category: Toxicology Authors: Wang P, Zhang SD, Jiao J, Wang W, Yu L, Zhao XL, Wang LT, Meng D, Fu YJ Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Icariin protects rotenone-induced neurotoxicity through induction of SIRT3.
This study aimed to determine whether ICA exerts neuroprotective effects on rotenone (ROT)-induced neurotoxicity through activation of SIRT3. Rats treated with ROT exhibited a marked loss of dopamine (DA) neurons and a decline in motor function, along with a decrease in protein expressions of SIRT3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) in the substantia nigra (SN). Administration of ICA significantly alleviated the loss of DA neurons, improved behavioral function, and concomitantly enhanced SIRT3 and PGC-1α expressions. The neuroprotective effect of ICA on ROT-induced cytotoxic...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - June 24, 2019 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zeng R, Wang X, Zhou Q, Fu X, Wu Q, Lu Y, Shi J, Klaunig JE, Zhou S Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

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