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Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Total 118 results found since Jan 2013.

Evaluating the protective effects of individual or combined ginsenoside compound K and the downregulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase expression against sodium valproate-induced liver cell damage
This study aimed to assess the effect of G-CK on SVP-induced cytotoxicity in human hepatocytes (L02 cell line), as well as the effect of the downregulation of sEH expression on both the hepatotoxicity of SVP and the hepatoprotective effects of G-CK. We observed that G-CK significantly ameliorated the decrease of cell viability, elevated ALT, AST and ALP activities, significant oxidative stress, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by SVP in L02 cells. G-CK also inhibited the SVP-mediated upregulation of sEH. Transfection of the L02 cells with siRNA-sEH led to a partial improvement in the L02 cytotoxicity ca...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - April 29, 2021 Category: Toxicology Authors: Luping Zhou Xiangchang Zeng Tai Rao Zhirong Tan Gan Zhou Dongsheng Ouyang Lulu Chen Source Type: research

Enzyme-sensitive nanoparticles, smart TAT and cetuximab conjugated immunoliposomes to overcome multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2022 Mar 18:115989. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115989. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDue to recent advances in the field of small molecule-based drugs, designing an efficient siRNA delivery system seems essential. Here, modified sets of lipids conjugated with cell-penetrating TAT peptide, MMP2 enzyme-sensitive moiety, and cetuximab antibodies against the EGF receptor were synthesized, purified and verified on HPLC, TLC, SEM, and DLS analyses. Different cellular and molecular experiments were designed to evaluate the transfection efficiency, targeting properties, and functions, including cytotoxicity a...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - March 22, 2022 Category: Toxicology Authors: Mohsen Safaei Pegah Khosravian Sedighe Kazemi Sheykhshabani Gashtasb Mardani Fatemeh Elahian Seyed Abbas Mirzaei Source Type: research

Epigenetic silencing of miR-218 by the lncRNA CCAT1, acting via BMI1, promotes an altered cell cycle transition in the malignant transformation of HBE cells induced by cigarette smoke extract.
Abstract Cigarette smoking is the strongest risk factor for the development of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to lung cancer are largely unknown. A long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA), CCAT1, regarded as cancer-associated, has been investigated extensively. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) induced by cigarette smoke remain unclear. In the present investigation, cigarette smoke extract (CSE) caused an altered cell cycle and increased CCAT1 levels and decreased miR-218 levels in human bronchial epithelial (HB...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - May 18, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lu L, Xu H, Luo F, Liu X, Lu X, Yang Q, Xue J, Chen C, Shi L, Liu Q Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

MST2 silencing induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth for estrogen receptor alpha-positive MCF-7 breast cancer.
Abstract Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1/2 (MST1/2) plays an important role in cell growth and apoptosis and functions as a tumor suppressor. Previously, we showed that MST2 overexpression activates Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells in the absence of a ligand. Here, we examined the role of MST2 in the growth of ER-positive MCF-7 cells. Cell cycle, apoptosis, and mammosphere formation assay method were implemented to detect the biological effects of MST2 ablation on the growth of MCF-7 cells in vitro. The effect of MST2-siRNA on MCF-7 cells tumor growth in vivo was studied in tumo...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - September 28, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Park J, Kim GH, Lee J, Phuong BTC, Kong B, Won JE, Won GW, Lee YH, Han HD, Lee Y Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Ghrelin inhibits the apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells through ERK and AKT signaling pathway.
In conclusion, ghrelin inhibits the apoptosis of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells induced by serum deprivation, which may be mediated by activating the GHSR/ERK and GHSR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. PMID: 23921150 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - August 3, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Liang QH, Liu Y, Wu SS, Cui RR, Yuan LQ, Liao EY Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

The inhibitory and combinative mechanism of HZ08 with P-glycoprotein expressed on the membrane of Caco-2 cell line.
In conclusion, as a P-glycoprotein substrate, HZ08 inhibited P-glycoprotein activity and may share the same binding site of verapamil to P-glycoprotein. PMID: 24321342 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - December 6, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhang Y, Hu Y, Feng Y, Darshika KN, Fang W, Li Y, Huang W Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Glucocorticoid Induced Leucine Zipper inhibits apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by doxorubicin.
Abstract Doxorubicin (Dox) is an indispensable chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various forms of neoplasia such as lung, breast, ovarian, and bladder cancers. Cardiotoxicity is a major concern for patients receiving Dox therapy. Previous work from our laboratory indicated that glucocorticoids (GCs) alleviate Dox-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Here we have found Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) to be a mediator of GC-induced cytoprotection. GILZ was found to be induced in cardiomyocytes by GC treatment. Knocking down of GILZ using siRNA resulted in cancelation of GC-induced cytoprotecti...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - January 28, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Aguilar D, Strom J, Chen QM Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

TNF/TNFR1 pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress are involved in ofloxacin-induced apoptosis of juvenile canine chondrocytes.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Ofloxacin-induced chondrocyte apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. TNF/TNFR1 pathway and ERs are involved in ofloxacin-induced apoptosis of juvenile canine chondrocytes in the early stage. PMID: 24582689 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - February 25, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhang FT, Ding Y, Shah Z, Xing D, Yuan G, Liu DM, Ding MX Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

PCB 126 toxicity is modulated by cross-talk between caveolae and Nrf2 signaling.
Abstract Environmental toxicants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been implicated in the promotion of multiple inflammatory disorders including cardiovascular disease, but information regarding mechanisms of toxicity and cross-talk between relevant cell signaling pathways is lacking. To examine the hypothesis that cross-talk between membrane domains called caveolae and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathways alter PCB-induced inflammation, caveolin-1 was silenced in vascular endothelial cells, resulting in a decreased PCB-induced inflammatory response. Cav-1 silencing (siRNA treatm...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - April 4, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Petriello MC, Han SG, Newsome BJ, Hennig B Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Heme Oxygenase-1 Protects Endothelial Cells from the Toxicity of Air Pollutant Chemicals.
In this study, we examined the toxic effects of DEP on endothelial cells and the role of DEP-induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were treated with an organic extract of DEP from an automobile engine (A-DEP) or a forklift engine (F-DEP) for 1 and 4hours. ROS generation, cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, expression of HO-1, inflammatory genes, cell adhesion molecules and UPR gene were assessed. HO-1 expression and/or activity were inhibited by siRNA or Tin protoporphyrin (Sn PPIX) and enhanced by an expression plasmid or Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPPIX). Exposur...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - January 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lawal A, Zhang M, Dittmar M, Lulla A, Araujo JA Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Posttranscriptional silencing of the lncRNA MALAT1 by miR-217 inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition via enhancer of zeste homolog 2 in the malignant transformation of HBE cells induced by cigarette smoke extract.
Abstract Lung cancer is regarded as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and cigarette smoking is one of the strongest risk factors for the development of lung cancer. However, the mechanisms for cigarette smoke-induced lung carcinogenesis remain unclear. The present study investigated the effects of an miRNA (miR-217) on levels of an lncRNA (MALAT1) and examined the role of these factors in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. In these cells, CSE caused decreases of miR-217 levels and increases in lncRNA MALAT1 level...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - September 25, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lu L, Luo F, Liu Y, Liu X, Shi L, Lu X, Liu Q Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Carnosic acid prevents COL1A2 transcription through the reduction of Smad3 acetylation via the AMPK α1/SIRT1 pathway.
Carnosic acid prevents COL1A2 transcription through the reduction of Smad3 acetylation via the AMPKα1/SIRT1 pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2017 Dec 15;: Authors: Zhao Y, Shi X, Ding C, Feng D, Li Y, Hu Y, Wang L, Gao D, Tian X, Yao J Abstract Carnosic acid (CA), a major bioactive component in rosemary extract, has many biological and pharmaceutical activities. Smad3 acetylation can regulate the transcription of type I α2 collagen (COL1A2), which is the major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether CA inhibits COL1A2 transcription via the re...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - December 15, 2017 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhao Y, Shi X, Ding C, Feng D, Li Y, Hu Y, Wang L, Gao D, Tian X, Yao J Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research