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Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Total 118 results found since Jan 2013.

A precisely substituted benzopyran targets androgen refractory prostate cancer cells through selective modulation of estrogen receptors.
Abstract Dietary consumption of phytoestrogens like genistein has been linked with lower incidence of prostate cancer. The estradiol-like benzopyran core of genistein confers estrogen receptor-β (ER-β) selectivity that imparts weak anti-proliferative activity against prostate cancer cells. DL-2-[4-(2-piperidinoethoxy)phenyl]-3-phenyl-2H-1-benzopyran (BP), a SERM designed with benzopyran core, targeted androgen independent prostate cancer (PC-3) cells 14-times more potently than genistein, ~25% more efficiently than tamoxifen and 6.5-times more actively than ICI-182780, without forfeiting significant specificity ...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - February 2, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kumar R, Verma V, Sharma V, Jain A, Singh V, Sarswat A, Maikhuri JP, Sharma VL, Gupta G Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Heme Oxygenase-1 Protects Endothelial Cells from the Toxicity of Air Pollutant Chemicals.
In this study, we examined the toxic effects of DEP on endothelial cells and the role of DEP-induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were treated with an organic extract of DEP from an automobile engine (A-DEP) or a forklift engine (F-DEP) for 1 and 4hours. ROS generation, cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, expression of HO-1, inflammatory genes, cell adhesion molecules and UPR gene were assessed. HO-1 expression and/or activity were inhibited by siRNA or Tin protoporphyrin (Sn PPIX) and enhanced by an expression plasmid or Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPPIX). Exposur...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - January 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lawal A, Zhang M, Dittmar M, Lulla A, Araujo JA Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells, mediated by a long non-coding RNA, HOTAIR, are involved in cell malignant transformation induced by cigarette smoke extract.
This report describes a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that is induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and experiments utilizing lncRNAs to integrate inflammation with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. The present study shows that, induced by CSE, IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, leads to activation of STAT3, a transcription activator. A ChIP assay determined that the interaction of STAT3 with the promoter regions of HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) increased levels of HOTAIR. Blocking of IL-6 with anti-IL-6 antibody, decreasing STAT3, and inhibiting STAT3 activatio...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - November 8, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Liu Y, Luo F, Xu Y, Wang B, Zhao Y, Xu W, Shi L, Lu X, Liu Q Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression by dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (DHCA) through the AMPK-Nrf2 dependent pathway.
In this study, it was tested whether DHCA could affect the expression of HO-1, using Raw264.7 mouse macrophage cell line. DHCA increased the protein and RNA levels of HO-1 and upregulated its promoter activity. Data from transient transfection assays indicated that ARE located in the E1 region of the HO-1 promoter are important in this DHCA-mediated induction of HO-1 expression. DHCA was also shown to enhance the nuclear translocation and binding of Nrf2 to the respective DNA sequences. The upregulation of HO-1 expression by DHCA was also observed in primary macrophages derived from wild type animals, but not in those from...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - September 24, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lee J, Kim S Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Resveratrol attenuates methylglyoxal-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by Sestrin2 induction.
This study investigated whether resveratrol protects cells from the methylglyoxal-induced toxicity via SESN2 induction. Methylglyoxal significantly induced cell death in HepG2 cells. However, cells pretreated with resveratrol were rescued from methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis. Resveratrol attenuated glutathione (GSH) depletion and ROS production promoted by methylglyoxal. Moreover, mitochondrial damage was observed by methylglyoxal treatment, but resveratrol restored mitochondrial function, as evidenced by the observed lack of mitochondrial permeability transition and increased ADP/ATP ratio. Resveratrol treatment inhibited...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - August 20, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Seo K, Seo S, Han JY, Ki SH, Shin SM Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

TGF-β1-elevated TRPM7 channel regulates collagen expression in hepatic stellate cells via TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
Abstract Transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into myofibroblasts plays a critical role in the development of liver fibrosis, since myofibroblasts is the key cell type responsible for excessive deposition of ECM proteins. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), a non-selective cation channel with protein serine/threonine kinase activity, has been demonstrated to function in the proliferation of activated HSCs. Here, we investigated the functional role of TRPM7 in collagen deposition in activated HSC-T6 cells (a rat hepatic stellate cell line). TRPM7 mRNA and protein were measured by Rea...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - August 19, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Fang L, Huang C, Meng X, Wu B, Ma T, Liu X, Zhu Q, Zhan S, Li J Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Celastrol ameliorates HIV-1 Tat-induced inflammatory responses via NF-kappaB and AP-1 inhibition and heme oxygenase-1 induction in astrocytes.
In this study, we investigated the modulatory effects of celastrol on HIV-1 Tat-induced inflammatory responses and the molecular mechanisms underlying its action in astrocytes. Pre-treatment of CRT-MG human astroglioma cells with celastrol significantly inhibited HIV-1 Tat-induced expression of ICAM-1/VCAM-1 and subsequent monocyte adhesiveness in CRT-MG cells. In addition, celastrol suppressed HIV-1 Tat-induced expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines, such as CXCL10, IL-8, and MCP-1. Celastrol decreased HIV-1 Tat-induced activation of JNK MAPK, AP-1, and NF-κB. Furthermore, celastrol induced mRNA and protein expression...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - July 23, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Youn GS, Kwon DJ, Ju SM, Rhim H, Bae YS, Choi SY, Park J Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediates nicotine-induced HIF-1α and VEGF expression in non-small cell lung cancer.
Abstract By binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), nicotine induces the proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies have indicated that α5-nAChR is highly associated with lung cancer risk and nicotine dependence. However, the mechanisms through which α5-nAChRs may influence lung carcinogenesis are far from clear. In the present study, we investigated the roles of α5-nAChR in the nicotine-induced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of α5-n...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - April 30, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ma X, Jia Y, Zu S, Li R, Jia Y, Zhao Y, Xiao D, Dang N, Wang Y Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

PCB 126 toxicity is modulated by cross-talk between caveolae and Nrf2 signaling.
Abstract Environmental toxicants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been implicated in the promotion of multiple inflammatory disorders including cardiovascular disease, but information regarding mechanisms of toxicity and cross-talk between relevant cell signaling pathways is lacking. To examine the hypothesis that cross-talk between membrane domains called caveolae and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathways alter PCB-induced inflammation, caveolin-1 was silenced in vascular endothelial cells, resulting in a decreased PCB-induced inflammatory response. Cav-1 silencing (siRNA treatm...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - April 4, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Petriello MC, Han SG, Newsome BJ, Hennig B Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Leptin induces CYP1B1 expression in MCF-7 cells through ligand-independent activation of the ERα pathway.
In this study, we investigated the effect of leptin on CYP1B1 expression and its mechanism in breast cancer cells. Leptin induced CYP1B1 protein, messenger RNA expression and promoter activity in ERα-positive MCF-7 cells but not in ERα-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, leptin increased 4-hydroxyoestradiol in MCF-7 cells. Also, ERα knockdown by siRNA significantly blocked the induction of CYP1B1 expression by leptin, indicating that leptin induced CYP1B1 expression via an ERα-dependent mechanism. Transient transfection with CYP1B1 deletion promoter constructs revealed that the oestrogen response element (ERE) pla...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - March 11, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Khanal T, Kim HG, Do MT, Choi JH, Won SS, Kang W, Chung YC, Jeong TC, Jeong HG Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

TNF/TNFR1 pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress are involved in ofloxacin-induced apoptosis of juvenile canine chondrocytes.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Ofloxacin-induced chondrocyte apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. TNF/TNFR1 pathway and ERs are involved in ofloxacin-induced apoptosis of juvenile canine chondrocytes in the early stage. PMID: 24582689 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - February 25, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhang FT, Ding Y, Shah Z, Xing D, Yuan G, Liu DM, Ding MX Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Glucocorticoid Induced Leucine Zipper inhibits apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by doxorubicin.
Abstract Doxorubicin (Dox) is an indispensable chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various forms of neoplasia such as lung, breast, ovarian, and bladder cancers. Cardiotoxicity is a major concern for patients receiving Dox therapy. Previous work from our laboratory indicated that glucocorticoids (GCs) alleviate Dox-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Here we have found Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) to be a mediator of GC-induced cytoprotection. GILZ was found to be induced in cardiomyocytes by GC treatment. Knocking down of GILZ using siRNA resulted in cancelation of GC-induced cytoprotecti...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - January 28, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Aguilar D, Strom J, Chen QM Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

The inhibitory and combinative mechanism of HZ08 with P-glycoprotein expressed on the membrane of Caco-2 cell line.
In conclusion, as a P-glycoprotein substrate, HZ08 inhibited P-glycoprotein activity and may share the same binding site of verapamil to P-glycoprotein. PMID: 24321342 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - December 6, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhang Y, Hu Y, Feng Y, Darshika KN, Fang W, Li Y, Huang W Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Autophagy blockade sensitizes the anticancer activity of CA-4 via JNK-Bcl-2 pathway.
Abstract Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) has already entered clinical trials of solid tumors over ten years. However, the limited anticancer activity and dose-dependent toxicity restrict its clinical application. Here, we offered convincing evidence that CA-4 induced autophagy in various cancer cells, which was demonstrated by acridine orange staining of intracellular acidic vesicles, the degradation of p62, the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and GFP-LC3 punctate fluorescence. Interestingly, CA-4-mediated apoptotic cell death was further potentiated by pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine and bafilomyc...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - December 6, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Li Y, Luo P, Wang J, Dai J, Yang X, Wu H, Yang B, He Q Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Silencing of Hsp27 and Hsp72 in glioma cells as a tool for programmed cell death induction upon temozolomide and quercetin treatment.
Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate whether silencing of Hsp27 or Hsp72 expression in glioblastoma multiforme T98G and anaplastic astrocytoma MOGGCCM cells increase their sensitivity to programmed cell death induction upon temozolomide and /or quercetin treatment. Transfection with specific siRNA was performed for the Hsp gene silencing. As revealed by microscopic observation and flow cytometry, the inhibition of Hsp expression was correlated with severe apoptosis induction upon the drug treatment studied. No signs of autophagy were detected. This was correlated with a decreased mitochondrial ...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - October 11, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Jakubowicz-Gil J, Langner E, Bądziul D, Wertel I, Rzeski W Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research