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Source: Cancer Research
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Total 807 results found since Jan 2013.
Abstract 3180: Regulation of stem cells by the tumor suppressor PP2A-B56{alpha}
Protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) is one of the major cellular Serine-Threonine phosphatases and regulates numerous signaling pathways, including stem cell self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. The PP2A holoenzyme has 3 subunits: a catalytic (C) subunit, a structural (A) subunit, and a variable regulatory (B) subunit, which directs PP2A to specific targets. PP2A inhibition is required to completely transform human cells and siRNA screens have shown that loss of B56α, B56γ, or PR72/PR130 B subunits results in cell transformation, which are involved in negatively regulating oncogenic pathways includ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Janghorban, M., Zachman, D., Wang, X., Agarwal, A., Fleming, W., Sears, R. Tags: Immunology Source Type: research
Abstract 3266: Inhibition of Rho-associated kinase 2 suppresses MYCN expression and induces differentiation of neuroblastoma
Conclusions: Our results show the significance of the non-canonical/PCP signaling cascade in neuroblastoma development and progression. Furthermore, ROCK inhibition suppress the growth of neuroblastoma in preclinical models and provide a novel option for improved treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma.Citation Format: Cecilia Dyberg, David Forsberg, Susanne Fransson, Jessika Lännerholm Palm, Bjorn Helge Haug, Baldur Sveinbjornsson, Tommy Martinsson, Per Kogner, John Inge Johnsen, Malin Wickstrom. Inhibition of Rho-associated kinase 2 suppresses MYCN expression and induces differentiation of neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Pr...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dyberg, C., Forsberg, D., Fransson, S., Lannerholm Palm, J., Haug, B. H., Sveinbȷornsson, B., Martinsson, T., Kogner, P., Johnsen, J. I., Wickstrom, M. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3536: Targeting {beta}-catenin with a Dicer-substrate siRNA (DsiRNA) in a sleeping beauty transposon-driven murine hepatoblastoma model
In conclusion, we report a highly relevant modality of RNAi delivery in a mouse model of hepatoblastoma to target a classically-undruggable oncogene.Citation Format: Marc T. Abrams, Junyan Tao, Shanthi Ganesh, Wendy Cyr, Bo Ying, Martin Koser, Rokhand Arvan, Girish Chopda, Hank Dudek, Cheng Lai, Weimin Wang, Bob Brown, Satdarshan Monga. Targeting β-catenin with a Dicer-substrate siRNA (DsiRNA) in a sleeping beauty transposon-driven murine hepatoblastoma model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Abrams, M. T., Tao, J., Ganesh, S., Cyr, W., Ying, B., Koser, M., Arvan, R., Chopda, G., Dudek, H., Lai, C., Wang, W., Brown, B., Monga, S. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research
Abstract 3303: Radioresistance in glioma stem cells driven by Rad51 dependent homologous recombination repair
We examined co-expression of stem cell markers with RAD51 protein at whole population level using western blotting, immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR in cultured cells and immunohistochemistry in tumor material. Single cell expression was analysed using the Fluidigm C1 platform. We examined the effect of two specific inhibitors of RAD51 (B02, RI-1) on the same cell pairs in vitro and used the γH2AX assay to assess differences in repair kinetics. We used subcutaneous models of glioma to evaluate the effect of one of these agents (RI-1) on tumour growth delay with and without fractionated radiation doses in vivo.Primary glioma...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: King, H., Payne, H., Brend, T., Patel, A., Wright, A., Englu, T., Stead, L., Wurdak, H., Short, S. C. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3553: xCT is a new cancer stem cell immunotherapeutic target for breast cancer
In conclusion, this study provides a genomic characterization of mammary CSC and identifies fresh target for new and potentially effective anticancer vaccines, thus providing a new tool for the design of combined therapeutic approaches that efficaciously target both CSC and more differentiated cells in breast cancers, leading to both cancer treatment and prevention of metastases and recurrence.BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Nagano O et al., Oncogene 2013.2. Chen RS et al., Oncogene 2009.Citation Format: Marco Macagno, Stefania Lanzardo, Laura Conti, Roberto Ruiu, Raffaele A. Calogero, Federica Cavallo. xCT is a new cancer stem cell immuno...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Macagno, M., Lanzardo, S., Conti, L., Ruiu, R., Calogero, R. A., Cavallo, F. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research
Abstract 3309: Co-inhibition of ALK and EGFR and/or c-MET on cell growth and response to radiation in ALK-positive NSCLC cells
ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase), EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and c-MET are molecular drivers for a subset of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Approximately 4-7% of NSCLCs carry the EML4-ALK chromosomal rearrangement. We identified overexpression of EGFR and c-MET in EML4-ALK-positive NSCLC cell lines H3122 and H2228. ALK, EGFR, and c-MET may function cooperatively to modulate tumor growth, stress response, and survival in EML4-ALK-positive cells and co-inhibition may favorably impact tumor control. We therefore investigated the effects of co-inhibition of ALK and EGFR or c-MET on cell survival and response...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Li, C., Huang, S., Ma, F., Armstrong, E. A., Francis, D., Werner, L., Harari, P. M. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3320: Identification of potential molecular targets related to radioresistance in human oral cancers
In India, oral cancer is the most common cancer in males and ranks third among females, attributed predominantly to the use of smokeless tobacco. Radiotherapy is an integral part of oral cancer treatment either alone or in combination with surgery and chemotherapy. However the development of radioresistance creates a hurdle in the efficacy of radiotherapy. Therefore, exploring the differential molecular profile of established radioresistant versus parental oral cancer cells may help in predicting the clinical effectiveness of radiotherapy.The present study aims to profile the radioresistant cell lines established by low do...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Teni, T. R., Yasser, M., Pawar, S. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3326: Targeting lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) radiosensitizes poor prognosis cancers
Therapies for poor prognosis cancers, such as lung cancer and glioblastoma, are limited due to radio-resistance and tumor recurrence. Development of molecular targeted therapy can serve as a potential method to improve the efficacy of radiation therapy in both glioblastoma and lung cancer. Ionizing radiation (IR) can activate a series of pro-survival pathways which contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer cells. Among these pathways, cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is an integral component which is activated by IR. Following activation, cPLA2 cleaves arachidonic acid to form phosphatidylcholine (PC) and yields lysophos...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Khudanyan, A., Dadey, D., Karvas, R., Kotipatruni, R., Hallahan, D., Thotala, D. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3338: Pharmacological inhibition of MRK/ZAK kinase for the treatment of medulloblastoma
In conclusion, we have developed a new small molecule inhibitor of MRK/ZAK that radio-sensitizes medulloblastoma cells. We hypothesize that combining radio-therapy with M443 will allow us to lower the radiation dose while maintaining therapeutic efficacy, thereby minimizing radiation-induced side effects.Citation Format: Rosamaria Ruggieri, Daniel Markowitz, Caitlin Powell, Nhan Tran, Magimairajanissai Vanan, Mingzu He, Yousef Al-Abed, Marc Symons. Pharmacological inhibition of MRK/ZAK kinase for the treatment of medulloblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ruggieri, R., Markowitz, D., Powell, C., Tran, N., Vanan, M., He, M., Al-Abed, Y., Symons, M. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3368: Sustained adrenergic signaling activates pro-inflammatory prostaglandin network in ovarian carcinoma
Conclusion Increased adrenergic stimulation results in a pro-inflammatory milieu mediated by prostaglandins that drives tumor progression and metastasis in ovarian cancer.Citation Format: Archana S. Nagaraja, Piotr Dorniak, Nouara Sadaoui, Guillermo Armaiz-Pena, Behrouz Zand, Sherry Y. Wu, Julie K. Allen, Rajesha Rupaimoole, Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo, Sunila Pradeep, Lin Tan, Rebecca A. Previs, Jean M. Hansen, Peiying Yang, Garbiel Lopez-Berestein, Susan K. Lutgendorf, Steve Cole, Anil K. Sood. Sustained adrenergic signaling activates pro-inflammatory prostaglandin network in ovarian carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Nagaraja, A. S., Dorniak, P., Sadaoui, N., Armaiz-Pena, G., Zand, B., Wu, S. Y., Allen, J. K., Rupaimoole, R., Rodriguez-Aguayo, C., Pradeep, S., Tan, L., Previs, R. A., Hansen, J. M., Yang, P., Lopez-Berestein, G., Lutgendorf, S. K., Cole, S., Sood, A. K Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3369: Nuclear hormone receptor profiling of skin cancer-associated fibroblasts for targeted pharmacological modulation of skin squamous cell carcinoma
Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second-most frequently diagnosed non-melanoma skin cancer that commonly manifests in sun-exposed areas of the skin, resulting in permanent disfigurement and potentially death when untreated. The development and malignant progression of skin SCC is dependent not only on the properties of the tumor epithelia but also the effects of the tumor stroma. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are enriched in the stroma of skin SCC tumors and supply paracrine factors that encourage tumor growth. However, the transcription regulatory networks enabling this pro-tumor secretory...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chan, J. S. K., Sng, M. K., Teo, Z. Q., Tan, N. S. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3373: Identification of inflammation-related genes that regulate tumor-associated stemness using high-throughput siRNA screening
Cancer associated stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be responsible for tumor recurrence, metastasis as well as chemoresistance. These properties of tumor associated stemness are maintained by specialized microenvironment, including inflammation which is a key component of the tumor microenvironment. To study the relationship between inflammation and stemness of CSCs, here, we established a robust high-throughput RNAi screen platform for a global survey of inflammation-related genes affecting CSCs identity via alteration of Oct4 expression. Consequently, we found 72 novel genes from 1027 inflammation-related genes which c...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Xie, J., He, H., Chen, C., Bai, L., Wang, W., Liu, Y., Guo, J., Wu, P., Xiang, R., Luo, Y. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3378: Discoidin domain receptor 2 differentially controls HT-1080 cell proliferation in young-adult and old type I collagen 3D matrices
In this study, we analyzed the effect of collagen aging on human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell proliferation in 3D matrix model. For this, type I collagen was extracted from tail tendons of young-adult (2 months) and old (2 years) rats. In 3D matrix, the rate of HT-1080 cell growth was significantly lower in young-adult collagen. This was accompanied by a down-regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and an increase in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 expression. Blocking antibodies and siRNA strategy against β1 integrin and AGEs receptor (RAGE) did not increase cell growth in young-adult collagen.Accumulating evidence s...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Saby, C., Garnotel, R., El Btaouri, H., Van Gulick, L., Jeannesson, P., Morjani, H. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3415: PAICS is the prognostic marker in colorectal cancer patients with stage III
PAICS (Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase) is an important bifunctional enzyme in de novo purine biosynthesis. It could be an attractive target for anticancer drug design, since rapidly dividing cancer cells rely on the purine through de novo pathway for synthesis of adenine and guanine, whereas normal cells favor the salvage pathway.Previous reports demonstrated that PAICS expression was up-regulated in ALL, lung cancer, and glioblastoma. In the present study, we first performed the comparison of PAICS mRNA expression between cancer tissue and normal colonic...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kobayashi, Y., Kumamoto, K., Matsumoto, Y., Saito, M., Shimura, T., Takenoshita, S. Tags: Clinical Research (Excluding Clinical Trials) Source Type: research
Abstract 3164: Inflammasomes: fanning the flames of malignant mesothelioma initiation
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive and devastating cancer of the pleural/peritoneal mesothelium related to asbestos exposure. MM has a low survival rate (average: less than 12 months). Despite the causal relationship between asbestos and MM development, the exact mechanism by which asbestos causes MM is still poorly understood. There is an urgent need for the identification of mechanism(s) that may help in early detection and finding new treatment targets for prevention and treatment of MM.We have recently shown that asbestos exposure of human mesothelial cells (HMCs) leads to the activation of the NLRP3 inflamma...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Thompson, J. K., MacPherson, M. B., Beuschel, S. L., Shukla, A. Tags: Immunology Source Type: research
