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Source: Cancer Research
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Total 807 results found since Jan 2013.
Abstract P5-08-24: How do real-world treatment patterns compare to guideline recommendations for first-line metastatic breast cancer patients in US community clinics?
Epidemiological studies have indicated that alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for breast cancer. The association of alcohol consumption and breast cancer is more pronounced in ER+ cases than in ER- cases. However, this molecular mechanism remains to be determined. Deregulation of RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcription enhances cellular tRNAs and 5S rRNA production, increasing translational capacity to promote cell transformation and tumor formation. Our results reveal that alcohol increases Pol III gene transcription in both normal and cancer breast cell lines. The induction of Pol III genes by alcohol ...
Source: Cancer Research - February 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: L Chu, B Yoo, G Carrigan, C Lai, M Beattie, C Reyes Tags: Poster Session Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract P4-06-06: Consistent dosing-time dependent tolerability of everolimus (EV) in a pilot study in women with metastatic breast cancers (MBC) and in a mouse chronopharmacology investigation
Conclusion: Taken together, silencing of ZBTB2 sensitize cancer cells to cisplatin through regulation of EMT markers and stem-like cell properties in TNBC. These findings suggest a novel molecular pathway targeting ZBTB2/stat3/NFkB signaling to combat drug resistance in metastatic TNBC.Citation Format: Giacchetti S, Li XM, Ozturk N, Cuvier C, Machowiak J, Arrondeau J, Chang-Marchand Y, Espié M, Okyar A, Lévi F. Consistent dosing-time dependent tolerability of everolimus (EV) in a pilot study in women with metastatic breast cancers (MBC) and in a mouse chronopharmacology investigation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Th...
Source: Cancer Research - February 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: S Giacchetti, XM Li, N Ozturk, C Cuvier, J Machowiak, J Arrondeau, Y Chang–Marchand, M Espie, A Okyar, F Levi Tags: Poster Session Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract P4-06-10: Rates of successful engraftment in breast cancer xenograft models based on tissue type: Primary vs relapsed disease
Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that estrogen and ERβ-specific agonists elicit anti-cancer effects in ERβ+ TNBC, both in vitro and in vivo. These effects are partially mediated by cystatins which can interact with, and inhibit, canonical TGFβ signaling, a pathway known to drive TNBC progression. Given the lack of targeted therapies for TNBC patients, the present data suggests that estrogen or ERβ-specific agonists offer a novel approach to manage this subset of patients.Citation Format: den Brok W-l, Chia S, Kalloger S, Bates C, Aparicio S, Mar C, Gelmon K, Eirew P. Rates of successful engraftment in breast cancer x...
Source: Cancer Research - February 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: W-l den Brok, S Chia, S Kalloger, C Bates, S Aparicio, C Mar, K Gelmon, P Eirew Tags: Poster Session Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract P4-10-02: Transmembrane protein 33 (TMEM33) induces apoptosis via UPR signaling and autophagy in breast cancer cells
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that endoxifen binds and inhibits PKCβ1 at relevant concentrations achieved in the endoxifen clinical trial studies. PKCβ1 interacts with cytoplasmic ERα and PKCβ1 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation and enhances ERα turnover. However, in PKCβ1 overexpressing cells, PKCβ1 may exhibit tumor suppressive effects. These data suggest a complex interaction between PKCβ1 and ERα and that endoxifen's effects on PKCβ1 may alter drug response of endocrine therapy. Further studies are ongoing to characterize the role of PKCβ1 and its role in ER biology and response to endoxifen.Cita...
Source: Cancer Research - February 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: R Clarke, R Hu, X Zhang, L Hilakivi-Clarke, U Kasid Tags: Poster Session Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract P4-10-03: Pterostilbene enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant triple negative breast cancer cells
Background: SRY (Sex Determining Region Y)-related HMG-box (SOX) genes belong to a super-family of genes, which is characterized by a homologous sequence called the HMG-box residing on the Y-chromosome. There are 20 SOX genes present in humans and mice. We performed a siRNA screen of SOX transcription factors, and found that SOX9 was essential for breast cancer cell growth. The SOX9 protein recognizes the sequence CCTTGAG along with other members of the HMG-box class DNA-binding proteins and has been shown to be required for development, differentiation and lineage commitment. Moreover, SOX9 is expressed in adenocarcinomas...
Source: Cancer Research - February 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Y-C Wu, H-C Wang, C-J Chen, L-C Liu, T-D Way Tags: Poster Session Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract P6-08-01: A directed siRNA screen identifies INHBA as a major regulator of tumor aggressiveness in basal HER2 breast cancer
In conclusion, we identified INHBA as a major regulator of metabolism and aggressiveness in HER2+ basal breast cancer cells that is associated with poor outcome in patients.Citation Format: Korkola JE, Liu M, Smith R, Liby T, Heiser L, Gray JW. A directed siRNA screen identifies INHBA as a major regulator of tumor aggressiveness in basal HER2 breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-08-01.
Source: Cancer Research - February 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: JE Korkola, M Liu, R Smith, T Liby, L Heiser, JW Gray Tags: Poster Session Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract P6-08-07: Gain and amplification of RAC1 GTP-ase in BC: Explaining alterations in patients by experiments using TNBC model
We reported that Wnt-beta-catenin pathway (WP) that signals metastasis (BMC Cancer, 2013), is one of the salient genetic features of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) (PlosOne, 2013).AIM: We demonstrated that TNBC cells acquire integrin-directed metastasis-associated (ID-MA) phenotypes following an upregulation of the WP (Oncotarget, In Press). Here we examined how WP signals are transduced in the context of ID-MA phenotypes in TNBC.METHOD: We documented gain and amplification of RAC1 gene in Breast Invasive Carcinoma subtypes from cBioPortal. The outcome for RFS was studied in the Hungarian ER-ve BC cohort.Mechanistica...
Source: Cancer Research - February 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: N Dey, JH Carlson, T Jepperson, S Willis, P De, B Leyland-Jones Tags: Poster Session Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract P6-08-10: Osteoprotegerin mediates tumor-promoting effects of Interleukin-1beta in breast cancer cells
We report that OPG expression is induced by IL1B, independent of breast cancer subtype and basal OPG levels. Co-culture of breast cancer cells with IL1B-secreting macrophages resulted in a similar increase in OPG expression in breast cancer cells as IL1B treatment. We show that OPG expression is regulated by IL1B in a p38-dependent manner. We also demonstrate that OPG knockdown represses IL1B expression, IL1B-mediated breast cancer cell invasion and MMP3 expression.Citation Format: Tsang Mui Chung S, Geerts D, Roseman K, Renaud A, Connelly L. Osteoprotegerin mediates tumor-promoting effects of Interleukin-1beta in breast c...
Source: Cancer Research - February 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: S Tsang Mui Chung, D Geerts, K Roseman, A Renaud, L Connelly Tags: Poster Session Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract B05: The RNA-binding protein HuR enhances exosome secretion in colorectal cancer
Enhanced secretion of exosomes by cancer cells is recognized as a means of transferring oncogenic information within the tumor microenvironment. Through their ability to carry specific RNA and protein cargo, tumor-derived exosomes are now being recognized for their ability to impact the tumor microenvironment and as promising cancer biomarkers. However, our knowledge of the cellular factors that promote increased exosome production from tumor cells and how they impact the loading of specific tumor-promoting RNA cargo is limited. Our prior work has established that colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and tumors overexpress the ke...
Source: Cancer Research - January 30, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ranjan Preet, Wei-Ting Hung, Shufei Zhuang, Lane K. Christenson, Dan A. Dixon Tags: Screening and Early Detection Source Type: research
Abstract B16: Activation of NRF2 and adaptive resistance to chemotherapy
Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a member of the cap ‘n’ collar family of bZIP transcription factors, confers protection against oxidative and electrophilic stress. NRF2 is of great interest in cancer research, due to its role in response to chemotherapy, including the class of drugs targeting thymidylate synthase (TYMS). It has long been known that inhibition of TYMS leads to depletion of thymidine levels and the onset of programmed cell death, deriving from the enzyme's function as the sole de novo source of thymidine for DNA replication and repair. Exposing cells to TYMS inhibitors such as fluorop...
Source: Cancer Research - January 30, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sarah A. Clinton, Karen W. Barbour, Franklin G. Berger Tags: New Therapeutic Approaches to Colorectal Cancer Source Type: research
Abstract B42: Silencing of DNA repair proteins with ECO/siRNA nanoparticles for the enhancement of radiation response in glioblastoma
In this study we investigate the use of these nanoparticles to deliver siRNA to inhibit ATM and DNApk activity and enhance radiation response in both glioma and glioma stem cell lines.Established glioma (U251) and glioma stem cell (NSC11) lines were used to evaluate the effectiveness of ECO nanoparticle delivery of siRNA in vitro . Cellular uptake of ECO nanoparticles loaded with fluorescent siRNA was assessed using flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy, demonstrating the rapid uptake of ECO/siRNA nanoparticles in comparison to commercially available transfection agents. Protein and mRNA analyses revealed the kinetics ...
Source: Cancer Research - January 15, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jennifer A. Lee, Nadia Ayat, Anita Tandle, Zheng-Rong Lu, Kevin Camphausen Tags: Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Source Type: research
Abstract B45: Silencing ss3 integrin by targeted ECO/siRNA nanoparticles inhibits EMT and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer
Metastatic breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subcategory of breast cancer and currently lacks well-defined molecular targets for effective targeted therapies. Disease relapse, metastasis, and drug resistance render standard chemotherapy ineffective in the treatment of TNBC. Because previous studies coupled β3 integrin (ITGB3) to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, we exploited β3 integrin as a therapeutic target to treat TNBC by delivering β3 integrin siRNA via lipid ECO-based nanoparticles (ECO/...
Source: Cancer Research - January 15, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jenny G. Parvani, Maneesh D. Gujrati, Margaret A. Mack, William P. Schiemann, Zheng-Rong Lu Tags: Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Source Type: research
Abstract B57: RNAi Nanotechnology for Cancer Target Validation and Therapy
RNA interference (RNAi) represents a promising strategy for identification and validation of putative therapeutic targets, and for treatment of a myriad of important human diseases including cancer. The ubiquitous application of RNAi in cancer research and therapy is nevertheless hindered by the challenge of effective systemic in vivo delivery of RNAi agents (e.g., siRNA) to solid tumors, which requires overcoming of multiple physiological barriers, such as enzymatic degradation, rapid elimination by renal excretion or by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), poor tumor penetration, and insufficient cellular uptake and e...
Source: Cancer Research - January 15, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jinjun Shi Tags: Tumor Immunology/Immunotherapy Source Type: research
ZIC5 Drives Melanoma Aggressiveness by PDGFD-Mediated Activation of FAK and STAT3
Insights into mechanisms of drug resistance could extend the efficacy of cancer therapy. To probe mechanisms in melanoma, we performed siRNA screening of genes that mediate the development of neural crest cells, from which melanocytes are derived. Here, we report the identification of ZIC5 as a mediator of melanoma drug resistance. ZIC5 is a transcriptional suppressor of E-cadherin expressed highly in human melanoma. ZIC5 enhanced melanoma cell proliferation, survival, drug resistance, in vivo growth and metastasis. Microarray analysis revealed that ZIC5 downstream signaling included PDGFD and FAK activation, which contrib...
Source: Cancer Research - January 15, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Reiko Satow, Tomomi Nakamura, Chiaki Kato, Miku Endo, Mana Tamura, Ryosuke Batori, Shiori Tomura, Yumi Murayama, Kiyoko Fukami Tags: Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Source Type: research
Abstract A30: Characterizing the non-linear dependency of the CDK5-Rb axis in non-small cell lung cancer
In spite of recent therapeutics advances and early detection, lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. The five-year survival rates for its two major subtypes, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are estimated to be 6% and 18%, respectively. This high mortality is due to its aggressive nature even when detected at an early stage. Besides its aggressive nature and tendency for early metastasis, another feature of lung cancer is the inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) that is observed in both lung cancer subtypes. NSCLC exhibits Rb inactivation...
Source: Cancer Research - January 15, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jaileene Perez-Morales, Mauricio Cabrera-Rios, Jonathan Gonzalez-Flores, Pedro Santiago-Cardona Tags: Systems Biology Source Type: research
