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Why Do Birds Flock? A Role for Opioids in the Reinforcement of Gregarious Social Interactions
Conclusion We propose that studies of songbirds reveal a novel network model for the integration of positive and negative reinforcement processes in non-sexual affiliative social behavior. Most studies on affiliative behavior focus on the positive affective state induced by social contact that rewards individuals interacting together. However, this review highlights that in social animals, affiliative contact is also reinforced because it reduces a negative affective state caused by social exclusion or isolation, thus creating a complementary system (i.e., positive reinforcement from affiliative interactions and negative ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 11, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Activation of the {alpha}6{beta}4 Integrin by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Depends on Specific Members of the Syndecan Class of Matrix Receptors♦ Papers of the Week
♦ See referenced article, J. Biol. Chem. 2014, 289, 30318–30332 The α6β4 integrin plays an important role in epithelial cell physiology during wound healing and tumorigenesis. The activity of integrin relies on its assembly with specific receptor tyrosine kinases, but the mechanism of assembly is not known. A class of matrix receptors called syndecans has now been implicated. In this Paper of the Week, Alan C. Rapraeger and colleagues at the University of Wisconsin-Madison demonstrate that activation of the α6β4 integrin by the HER2 kinase depends on syndecan-1 binding to the cytoplasmic domain of the β4 integrin ...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - October 31, 2014 Category: Chemistry Tags: Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices Source Type: research

Moesin Functionality in Hypothermic Liver Preservation Injury.
In conclusion, moesin is causally involved in hypothermic liver cell preservation injury through control of its active binding molecular functionality. PMID: 24836372 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cryobiology - May 13, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Tian T, Lindell SL, Kowalski C, Mangino MJ Tags: Cryobiology Source Type: research

Innate immunity activation involved in unprotected porcine auto-transplant kidneys preserved by naked caspase-3 siRNA
Conclusions: The activation of innate immunity with amplified inflammatory responses in the caspase-3 siRNA preserved auto-transplant kidneys are associated with increased TLR3, TLR7 and PKR, which might be due to complementary systemic feedback, although persistent actions initiated by short-acting caspase-3 siRNA cannot be completely ruled out. These results provided valuable evidence to guide future siRNA design and pre-clinic studies.
Source: Journal of Translational Medicine - September 13, 2013 Category: Research Authors: Cheng YangLong LiYinjia XueZitong ZhaoTian ZhaoYichen JiaRuiming RongMing XuMichael NicholsonTongyu ZhuBin Yang Source Type: research

Naked caspase 3 small interfering RNA is effective in cold preservation but not in autotransplantation of porcine kidneys
Conclusions: Naked caspase 3 siRNA administered into the kidney was effective in cold preservation but not enough to protect posttransplant kidneys, which might be because of systemic complementary responses overcoming local effects.
Source: Journal of Surgical Research - July 27, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Cheng Yang, Yichen Jia, Tian Zhao, Yinjia Xue, Zitong Zhao, Junlin Zhang, Jina Wang, Xuanchuan Wang, Yongyin Qiu, Miao Lin, Dong Zhu, Guisheng Qi, Yue Qiu, Qunye Tang, Ruiming Rong, Ming Xu, Sujie Ni, Bin Lai, Michael L. Nicholson, Tongyu Zhu, Bin Yang Tags: Transplantation/Immunology Source Type: research