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miRNA-218 Targets Lipin-1 and Glucose Transporter Type 4 Genes in 3T3-L1 Cells Treated With Lopinavir/Ritonavir
Conclusion: 3T3-L1 cells, treated with LPV/RTV, show altered lipid content due to increased miRNA-218 levels, which affects lipin-1 mRNA. Moreover, increased miRNA-218 levels were inversely correlated with changes in GLUT-4 expression, which suggests a role for miRNA-218 in mediating the insulin resistance consequent to cART. Introduction Metabolic syndrome is a serious consequence of combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART). HIV-associated metabolic syndrome is often accompanied by lipodystrophy (LS), the redistribution of body fat with loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue in face, limbs and buttocks, concomitant wit...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 29, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Decreasing CB1 receptor signaling in Kupffer cells improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice
Conclusion These findings suggest that CB1R expressed in KCs plays a critical role in obesity-related hepatic insulin resistance via a pro-inflammatory mechanism.
Source: Molecular Metabolism - September 2, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Activated Kupffer cells inhibit insulin sensitivity in obese mice Research Communication
Obesity promotes insulin resistance associated with liver inflammation, elevated glucose production, and type 2 diabetes. Although insulin resistance is attenuated in genetic mouse models that suppress systemic inflammation, it is not clear whether local resident macrophages in liver, denoted Kupffer cells (KCs), directly contribute to this syndrome. We addressed this question by selectively silencing the expression of the master regulator of inflammation, NF-B, in KCs in obese mice. We used glucan-encapsulated small interfering RNA particles (GeRPs) that selectively silence gene expression in macrophages in vivo. Followin...
Source: FASEB Journal - June 30, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Tencerova, M., Aouadi, M., Vangala, P., Nicoloro, S. M., Yawe, J. C., Cohen, J. L., Shen, Y., Garcia-Menendez, L., Pedersen, D. J., Gallagher-Dorval, K., Perugini, R. A., Gupta, O. T., Czech, M. P. Tags: Research Communication Source Type: research

Lipid storage by adipose tissue macrophages regulates systemic glucose tolerance.
Abstract Pro-inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) can impair glucose tolerance in obesity, but ATMs may also be beneficial as repositories for excess lipid that adipocytes are unable to store. To test this hypothesis, we selectively targeted visceral ATMs in obese mice with siRNA against lipoprotein lipase (LPL), leaving macrophages within other organs unaffected. Selective silencing of ATM LPL decreased foam cell formation in visceral adipose tissue of obese mice, consistent with a reduced supply of fatty acids from VLDL hydrolysis. Unexpectedly, silencing LPL also decreased the expression o...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 1, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Aouadi M, Vangala P, Yawe JC, Tencerova M, Cohen JL, Nicoloro SM, Shen Y, Czech MP Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research