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Auranofin, an Anti-rheumatic Gold Drug, Aggravates the Radiation-Induced Acute Intestinal Injury in Mice
Conclusion In this study, we found that a non-toxic dose of auranofin significantly aggravated the severity of the radiation-induced intestinal injury. This suggests that auranofin treatment can be an independent factor that influences the risk of intestinal complications after pelvic or abdominal radiotherapy. Ethics Statement All the protocols used in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Korean Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (IACUC permit number: KIRAMS217-0007). Author Contributions H-JL, JS, and Y-BL designed the experiments. EL and JK conducted the exp...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Sanguinarine Induces Apoptosis Pathway in Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines via Inhibition of the JaK2/STAT3 Signaling
In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of SNG in a panel of MM cell lines (U266, IM9, MM1S, and RPMI-8226). SNG treatment of MM cells resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability through mitochondrial membrane potential loss and activation of caspase 3, 9, and cleavage of PARP. Pre-treatment of MM cells with a universal caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, prevented SNG mediated loss of cell viability, apoptosis, and caspase activation, confirming that SNG-mediated apoptosis is caspase-dependent. The SNG-mediated apoptosis appears to be resulted from suppres...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 16, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Complement C5b-9 and Cancer: Mechanisms of Cell Damage, Cancer Counteractions, and Approaches for Intervention
In conclusion, osmotic burst of inflated complement-damaged cells may occur, but these bursts are most likely a consequence of metabolic collapse of the cell rather than the cause of cell death. The Complement Cell Death Mediator: A Concerted Action of Toxic Moieties Membrane pores caused by complement were first visualized by electron microscopy on red blood cell membranes as large ring structures (22). Similar lesions were viewed on E. coli cell walls (23). Over the years, ample information on the fine ultrastructure of the MAC that can activate cell death has been gathered (24) and has been recently further examined (...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Abstract P5-04-02: The histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat enhances the efficacy of the MEK inhibitor pimasertib against aggressive types of breast cancer through Noxa-mediated myeloid cell leukemia 1 degradation
Purpose: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are the two most aggressive types of breast cancer whose molecular mechanisms remain unclear, representing a challenge for the development of effective targeted therapies. Single agent targeted therapies are of limited effectiveness in these types of breast cancer. Therefore, we aim to identify new combination therapeutic candidates for these aggressive diseases by comprehensive genomic screening.Experimental Design: We screened kinome siRNA libraries with the mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor [pimasertib], and ge...
Source: Cancer Research - February 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Torres-Adorno, A., Lee, J., Kogawa, T., Bartholomeusz, C., Pitner, M., Ordentlich, P., Lim, B., Tripathy, D., Ueno, N. Tags: Poster Session Abstracts Source Type: research

Bryostatin 5 induces apoptosis in acute monocytic leukemia cells by activating PUMA and caspases.
Abstract Acute leukemia is a malignant clonal hematopoietic stem cell disease. In the current study, we examined the effects of bryostatin 5 on acute monocytic leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. We also explored the mechanisms and pathways underlying the increase in apoptosis induced by bryostatin 5. Bryostatin 5 inhibited the growth of primary acute monocytic leukemia cells and U937 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manners. Bryostatin 5 also induced an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in U937 cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that bryosta...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - September 11, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang Q, Zhang T, Yang Y, Yang F, Gao G, Dong H, Zhu H, Li Y, Lin H, Tang H, Chen X Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research