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Cathelicidin Mediates an Anti-Inflammatory Role of Active Vitamin D (Calcitriol) During M. paratuberculosis Infection
This study examines the role of vitamin D deficiency in the regulation of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide (CAMP) in CD-like macrophages. The latter includes macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) isolated from CD patient. Initially, we measured cathelicidin and calcitriol in ex vivo plasma samples from CD patients with or without MAP infection (N=40 per group). We also measured the expression and production of CAMP/LL-37, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, cellular oxidative stress markers, and bacterial viability following treatment of MAP-infected macrophages with four different forms of vitam...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 4, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

CRAC Channel Controls the Differentiation of Pathogenic B Cells in Lupus Nephritis
This study provides insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of LN and that CRAC channel could serve as a potential therapeutic target for LN.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - October 22, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Naringenin Produces Neuroprotection Against LPS-Induced Dopamine Neurotoxicity via the Inhibition of Microglial NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that NAR targeted microglial NLRP3 inflammasome to protect DA neurons against LPS-induced neurotoxicity. These findings suggest NAR might hold a promising therapeutic potential for PD. Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent central nervous system (CNS) degenerative disease. It is characterized by slow and progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra (SN) with the accumulation of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies and neuritis (1). Although the etiology of PD remains unclear, amounts of studies have suggested that ne...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Gene Therapy Leaves a Vicious Cycle
Reena Goswami1, Gayatri Subramanian2, Liliya Silayeva1, Isabelle Newkirk1, Deborah Doctor1, Karan Chawla2, Saurabh Chattopadhyay2, Dhyan Chandra3, Nageswararao Chilukuri1 and Venkaiah Betapudi1,4* 1Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States 3Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States 4Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Clev...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 23, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Overexpression of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase protects insulin-secreting cells against cytokine toxicity Metabolism
In conclusion, the relatively low endogenous Spl expression level in insulin-secreting cells contributes to their extraordinary vulnerability to proinflammatory cytokine toxicity and may therefore represent a promising target for β-cell protection in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - December 8, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Claudine Hahn, Karolina Tyka, Julie D. Saba, Sigurd Lenzen, Ewa Gurgul-Convey Tags: Molecular Bases of Disease Source Type: research