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Repurposed major urinary protein pheromones and adult sensory neurons: Roles in neuron plasticity and experimental diabetes
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2022 May 30. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00001.2022. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMajor urinary proteins (MUPs), members of the broader lipocalin protein family, are classified as pheromones that are excreted in male rodent urine to define conspecific territoriality. In screening for differentially regulated mRNA transcripts in a mouse model of type 1 experimental diabetes mellitus (DM), we identified an unexpected upregulation of several closely related MUP transcripts within diabetic sensory dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Both sexes expressed overall MUP protein content as identified by an antibody ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 31, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Trevor Poitras Vandana Singh Ramanaguru Piragasam Xiuling Wang Atef Mahmoud Mannaa Ambika Chandrasekhar Jose Martinez Richard Fahlman Douglas W Zochodne Source Type: research

Enhanced Store-Operated Ca2+ Signal of Small Intestinal Smooth Muscle Cells Accelerates Small Bowel Transit Speed in Type 1 Diabetic Mouse
Conclusion: We concluded that the increased SOCE caused by excessive STIM1 and Orai1 expression and decreased Orai1-BKCa interaction augmented small intestinal smooth muscle contraction and accelerated small bowel transit speed in diabetic mice. This finding demonstrates a pathological role for SOCE in diabetic enteropathy and provides a potential therapeutic target for diabetic enteropathy.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - October 20, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Tangshen Formula Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis by Inducing Autophagy Through the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway
Conclusion In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that autophagy was involved in relieving the effects of TSF against NAFLD, which were mediated by the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway (Figure 7D). These findings may improve our current understanding of the role of TSF in treating hepatic steatosis and provide an experimental basis for the clinical application of TSF in NAFLD and its related metabolic syndrome. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Co...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Increasing Upstream Chromatin Long –Range Interactions May Favor Induction of Circular RNAs in LysoPC-Activated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
We examined the sponging potential of all significantly changed circRNAs using the CircInteractome database (Montefiori et al., 2018), recording two miRNAs with four or more predicted binding sites in a single circRNA transcript, a threshold above which meaningful sponging activity is likely to occur Memczak et al. (2013). Another four significantly changed circRNAs are experimentally shown to sponge miRNAs (Dudekula et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017; Yan et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2018), for six total circRNAs with miRNA sponging activity including miR125, miR143, miR1272, miR153, miR515-5p, and miR196a-5p (Table 4). In Fig...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 17, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Involvement of a pro-apoptotic gene BBC3 in islet injury mediated by cold preservation and re-warming.
In this study, we examined mechanisms of pancreatic cold preservation and re-warming-induced injury by interrogating a pro-apoptotic gene BBC3/Bbc3, also known as Puma (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis), using three experimental models: 1) bioluminescence imaging of isolated luciferase-transgenic ("Firefly") Lewis rat islets, 2) cold preservation of en bloc-harvested pancreata from Bbc3 knockout (KO) mice, and 3) cold preservation and re-warming of human pancreata and isolated islets. Cold preservation-mediated islet injury occurred during re-warming in "Firefly" islets. Silencing Bbc3 by transfecting Bbc3 siRNA into...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - April 25, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Omori K, Kobayashi E, Komatsu H, Rawson J, Agrawal G, Parimi M, Oancea AR, Valiente L, Ferreri K, Al-Abdullah IH, Kandeel F, Takahashi M, Mullen Y Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Tcf19 is a novel islet factor necessary for proliferation and survival in the INS-1 beta cell line.
Abstract Recently, a novel type 1 diabetes association locus was identified at human chromosome 6p31.3, and TCF19 is a likely causal gene. Little is known about Tcf19, and we now show that it plays a role in both proliferation and apoptosis in insulinoma cells. Tcf19 is expressed in mouse and human islets, with increasing mRNA expression in non-diabetic obesity. The expression of Tcf19 is correlated with β-cell mass expansion, suggesting that it may be a transcriptional regulator of β-cell mass. Increasing proliferation and decreasing apoptotic cell death are two strategies to increase pancreatic β-cell mass an...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 16, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Krautkramer KA, Linnemann AK, Fontaine DA, Whillock AL, Harris TW, Schleis GJ, Truchan NA, Marty-Santos L, Lavine JA, Cleaver O, Kimple ME, Davis DB Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research