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The JAK/STAT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology
Conclusion and Perspectives The IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling cascade plays a dominant role in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. IL-6 autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions assign to its downstream effectors pivotal importance in skeletal muscle-wasting-associated diseases and other multiple system diseases where muscle acts in communication with other organs. Targeting the components of the JAK/STAT pathway recently emerged as a strategic approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and human cancer. This review highlights the opposite outcomes on muscle biology caused by the amount of local and systemic release ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 29, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

An Ensemble Strategy to Predict Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer Based on Gene Modules
Conclusion Considering the heterogeneity and complexity of ovarian cancer, we demonstrated a new method to predict the prognosis of ovarian cancer based on the clustering information and gene co-expression network in each subtype of cancer patients. We divided the ovarian cancer data into three subtypes by clustering analysis and we found that the survival risks in these three subtypes were significantly different. We mined the important communities based on the co-expression networks in each subtype. There are 50, 73, and 92 communities in the first, second and third subtype, respectively. Next, we constructed a new ense...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 23, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Complement C5b-9 and Cancer: Mechanisms of Cell Damage, Cancer Counteractions, and Approaches for Intervention
In conclusion, osmotic burst of inflated complement-damaged cells may occur, but these bursts are most likely a consequence of metabolic collapse of the cell rather than the cause of cell death. The Complement Cell Death Mediator: A Concerted Action of Toxic Moieties Membrane pores caused by complement were first visualized by electron microscopy on red blood cell membranes as large ring structures (22). Similar lesions were viewed on E. coli cell walls (23). Over the years, ample information on the fine ultrastructure of the MAC that can activate cell death has been gathered (24) and has been recently further examined (...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Focal Adhesion Kinase and Wnt Signaling Regulate Human Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Stem Cell Activity and Response to Radiotherapy
Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can avoid or efficiently repair DNA damage from radio and chemotherapy, which suggests they play a role in disease recurrence. Twenty percentage of patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast recur and our previous data show that high grade DCIS have increased numbers of CSCs. Here, we investigate the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Wnt pathways in DCIS stem cells and their capacity to survive irradiation. Using DCIS cell lines and patient samples, we demonstrate that CSC‐enriched populations are relatively radioresistant and p...
Source: Stem Cells - January 22, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Kathryn E. Williams, Nigel J. Bundred, Göran Landberg, Robert B. Clarke, Gillian Farnie Tags: Cancer Stem Cells Source Type: research

Focal adhesion kinase and wnt signalling regulates human ductal carcinoma in situ stem cell activity and response to radiotherapy
Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can avoid or efficiently repair DNA damage from radio and chemotherapy, which suggests they play a role in disease recurrence. 20% of patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) of the breast recur and our previous data shows that high grade DCIS have increased numbers of CSCs. Here, we investigate the role of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Wnt pathways in DCIS stem cells and their capacity to survive irradiation. Using DCIS cell lines and patient samples we demonstrate that CSC‐enriched populations are relatively radioresistant and possess high FA...
Source: Stem Cells - September 3, 2014 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Kathryn E Williams, Nigel J Bundred, Göran Landberg, Robert B Clarke, Gillian Farnie Tags: Original Research Source Type: research