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Therapy: Antiviral Therapy

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Total 305 results found since Jan 2013.

Antiviral therapy for respiratory viral infections in immunocompromised patients.
Authors: Shahani L, Ariza-Heredia EJ, Chemaly RF Abstract INTRODUCTION: Respiratory viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, and rhinovirus) represent the most common causes of respiratory viral infections in immunocompromised patients. Also, these infections may be more severe in immunocompromised patients than in the general population. Early diagnosis and treatment of viral infections continue to be of paramount importance in immunocompromised patients; because once viral replication and invasive infections are evident, prognosis can be grave. Areas cove...
Source: Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy - January 10, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther Source Type: research

Novel chimeric virus-like particles vaccine displaying MERS-CoV receptor-binding domain induce specific humoral and cellular immune response in mice
In this study, a fusion of the canine parvovirus (CPV) VP2 structural protein gene with the RBD of MERS-CoV can self-assemble into chimeric, spherical VLP (sVLP). sVLP retained certain parvovirus characteristics, such as the ability to agglutinate pig erythrocytes, and structural morphology similar to CPV virions. Immunization with sVLP induced RBD-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. sVLP-specific antisera from these animals were able to prevent pseudotyped MERS-CoV entry into susceptible cells, with neutralizing antibody titers reaching 1: 320. IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-2 secreting cells induced by the RBD w...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - December 28, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 8, Pages 331: Pharmacokinetics of the Antiviral Lectin Griffithsin Administered by Different Routes Indicates Multiple Potential Uses
Griffithsin (GRFT) is a red alga-derived lectin with demonstrated broad spectrum antiviral activity against enveloped viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome –Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2). However, its pharmacokinetic profile remains largely undefined. Here, Sprague Dawley rats were administered a single dose of GRFT at 10 or 20 mg/kg by intravenous, oral, and sub cutaneous routes, respectively, and serum GRFT levels were measured at select time points. In addition, the potential for systemic accumulation after oral dos...
Source: Viruses - December 16, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Christopher Barton J. Kouokam Harrell Hurst Kenneth Palmer Tags: Article Source Type: research

Prophylactic and therapeutic intranasal administration with an immunomodulator, Hiltonol ® (Poly IC:LC), in a lethal SARS-CoV-infected BALB/c mouse model
Publication date: Available online 9 December 2016 Source:Antiviral Research Author(s): Yohichi Kumaki, Andres M. Salazar, Miles K. Wandersee, Dale L. Barnard Hiltonol®, (Poly IC:LC), a potent immunomodulator, is a synthetic, double-stranded polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly IC) stabilized with Poly-L-lysine and carboxymethyl cellulose (LC). Hiltonol® was tested for efficacy in a lethal SARS-CoV-infected BALB/c mouse model. Hiltonol® at 5, 1, 0.5 or 0.25 mg/kg/day by intranasal (i.n.) route resulted in significant survival benefit when administered at selected times 24 h prior to challenge with a lethal d...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - December 9, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Passive immunotherapy for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection with equine immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin fragments in a mouse model
In this study, we prepared purified equine F(ab’)2 from horses immunized with MERS-CoV virus-like particles (VLPs) expressing MERS-CoV S, M and E proteins. Both IgG and F(ab’)2 efficiently neutralized MERS-CoV replication in tissue culture. Passive transfer of equine immune antibodies significantly reduced virus titers and accelerated virus clearance from the lungs of MERS-CoV infected mice. Our data show that horses immunized with MERS-CoV VLPs can serve as a primary source of protective F(ab’)2 for potential use in the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of exposed or infected patients.
Source: Antiviral Therapy - November 24, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research

T-cell immunity of SARS-CoV: Implications for vaccine development against MERS-CoV
Publication date: Available online 11 November 2016 Source:Antiviral Research Author(s): William J. Liu, Min Zhao, Kefang Liu, Kun Xu, Gary Wong, Wenjie Tan, George F. Gao Over 12 years have elapsed since severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) triggered the first global alert for coronavirus infections. Virus transmission in humans was quickly halted by public health measures and human infections of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) have not been observed since. However, other coronaviruses still pose a continuous threat to human health, as exemplified by the recent emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in huma...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - November 10, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research

MERS-CoV spike protein: Targets for vaccines and therapeutics
Publication date: Available online 26 July 2016 Source:Antiviral Research Author(s): Qihui Wang, Gary Wong, Guangwen Lu, Jinghua Yan, George F. Gao The disease outbreak caused by Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is still ongoing in the Middle East. Over 1600 people have been infected since it was first reported in September 2012. Despite great efforts, licensed vaccines or therapeutics against MERS-CoV remain unavailable. The MERS-CoV spike (S) protein is an important viral antigen known to mediate host-receptor binding and virus entry, as well as induce robust humoral and cell-mediated respon...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - July 25, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection is inhibited by griffithsin
In conclusion, we identify griffithsin as a potent inhibitor of MERS-CoV infection at the entry step.
Source: Antiviral Therapy - July 16, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Single-dose treatment with a humanized neutralizing antibody affords full protection of a human transgenic mouse model from lethal Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-coronavirus infection
Publication date: Available online 14 June 2016 Source:Antiviral Research Author(s): Hongjie Qiu, Shihui Sun, He Xiao, Jiannan Feng, Yan Guo, Wanbo Tai, Yufei Wang, Lanying Du, Guangyu Zhao, Yusen Zhou Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is continuously spreading and causing severe and fatal acute respiratory disease in humans. Prophylactic and therapeutic strategies are therefore urgently needed to control MERS-CoV infection. Here, we generated a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated hMS-1, which targeted the MERS-CoV receptor-binding domain (RBD) with high affinity. hMS-1 signifi...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - June 13, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Cellular peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 facilitates replication of feline coronavirus
Publication date: Available online 7 December 2015 Source:Antiviral Research Author(s): Yoshikazu Tanaka, Arisa Amano, Masateru Morisaki, Yuka Sato, Takashi Sasaki Although feline coronavirus (FCoV) causes feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), which is a fatal infectious disease, there are no effective therapeutic medicines or vaccines. Previously, in vitro studies have shown that cyclosporin (CsA) and FK506 inhibit virus replication in diverse coronaviruses. CsA and FK506 are targets of clinically relevant immunosuppressive drugs and bind to cellular cyclophilins (Cyps) or FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs), respectivel...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - December 8, 2015 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Animal models of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection
This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on “From SARS to MERS: research on highly pathogenic human coronaviruses.”
Source: Antiviral Therapy - July 18, 2015 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Understanding Middle East respiratory syndrome
Abstract: Middle East respiratory syndrome is an infection caused by a novel coronavirus. The primary source of the virus is infected camels in several countries in the Arabian peninsula. The infection is acquired by coming into contact with infected animals, animal products, or with patients who have the syndrome. Mortality for this syndrome is 30% to 40%, and treatment is supportive because no antiviral therapy exists.
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants - June 26, 2015 Category: Primary Care Tags: Special Topics in Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Identification of Protein Receptors for Coronaviruses by Mass Spectrometry
As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses need to cross the plasma membrane and deliver their genome inside the cell. This step is initiated by the recognition of receptors present on the host cell surface. Receptors can be major determinants of tropism, host range, and pathogenesis. Identifying virus receptors can give clues to these aspects and can lead to the design of intervention strategies. Interfering with receptor recognition is an attractive antiviral therapy, since it occurs before the viral genome has reached the relative safe haven within the cell. This chapter describes the use of an immunoprecipitation app...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Microbiology - February 28, 2015 Category: Microbiology Source Type: news

Protease inhibitors targeting coronavirus and filovirus entry
We report here that the cysteine protease inhibitor K11777, ((2S)-N-[(1E,3S)-1-(benzenesulfonyl)-5-phenylpent-1-en-3-yl]-2-{[(E)-4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl]amino}-3-phenylpropanamide) and closely-related vinylsulfones act as broad-spectrum antivirals by targeting cathepsin-mediated cell entry. K11777 is already in advanced stages of development for a number of parasitic diseases, such as Chagas disease, and has proven to be safe and effective in a range of animal models. K11777 inhibition of SARS-CoV and Ebola virus entry was observed in the sub-nanomolar range. In order to assess, whether cysteine or serine proteases p...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - February 8, 2015 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Thiopurine analogs and mycophenolic acid synergistically inhibit the papain-like protease of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Publication date: March 2015 Source:Antiviral Research, Volume 115 Author(s): Kai-Wen Cheng , Shu-Chun Cheng , Wei-Yi Chen , Min-Han Lin , Shang-Ju Chuang , I-Hsin Cheng , Chiao-Yin Sun , Chi-Yuan Chou Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a new highly pathogenic human coronaviruses that emerged in Jeddah and Saudi Arabia and has quickly spread to other countries in Middle East, Europe and North Africa since 2012. Up to 17 December 2014, it has infected at least 938 people with a fatality rate of about 36% globally. This has resulted in an urgent need to identify antiviral drugs that are active again...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - January 2, 2015 Category: Virology Source Type: research