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Dementia and the aging population: cognitive screening within correctional health
Lance Washington International Journal of Prisoner Health, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.- The purpose of this study was to examine the literature surrounding dementia in the aging correctional population and assess the role of cognitive screening related to dementia detection within corrections. The literature regarding the role of dementia within the justice continuum is scant. Furthermore, correctional health researchers have not reached a consensus on the best age to administer cognitive screening in older persons or prioritizes a screening tool for the early detection of dementia. A...
Source: International Journal of Prisoner Health - June 27, 2022 Category: Criminology Authors: Lance Washington Source Type: research

Infant dental enucleation: A literature review on a traditional remedial practice in East Africa.
Conclusions. Prevalence, clinical features and risks of infant dental enucleation point to a need for greater awareness of the procedure. Further, there is a need for specific guidelines regarding management of suspected cases within dental and healthcare communities. PMID: 23865550 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica - July 18, 2013 Category: Dentistry Authors: Barzangi J, Unell L, Söderfeldt B, Arnrup K Tags: Acta Odontol Scand Source Type: research

Combining in silico prediction and ribosome profiling in a genome-wide search for novel putatively coding sORFs
Background: It was long assumed that proteins are at least 100 amino acids (AAs) long. Moreover, the detection of short translation products (e.g. coded from small Open Reading Frames, sORFs) is very difficult as the short length makes it hard to distinguish true coding ORFs from ORFs occurring by chance. Nevertheless, over the past few years many such non-canonical genes (with ORFs
Source: BMC Genomics - Latest articles - September 23, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Jeroen CrappéWim Van CriekingeGeert TrooskensEisuke HayakawaWalter LuytenGeert BaggermanGerben Menschaert Source Type: research

Insights into the glycosylase search for damage from single-molecule fluorescence microscopy.
Abstract The first step of base excision repair utilizes glycosylase enzymes to find damage within a genome. A persistent question in the field of DNA repair is how glycosylases interact with DNA to specifically find and excise target damaged bases with high efficiency and specificity. Ensemble studies have indicated that glycosylase enzymes rely upon both sliding and distributive modes of search, but ensemble methods are limited in their ability to directly observe these modes. Here we review insights into glycosylase scanning behavior gathered through single-molecule fluorescence studies of enzyme interactions w...
Source: DNA Repair - February 19, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Lee AJ, Warshaw DM, Wallace SS Tags: DNA Repair (Amst) Source Type: research

Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Nurses Research & Research Literature Search Grants
Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Nurses Research & Research Literature Search Grants SOHN has established a fund to help nurses develop and/or participate in ORL clinical nursing research, and has made a commitment to nursing research. Application Deadline: Jan. 1st and July 1st Research Grants up to $2000 ~ Literature Search Grants $70
Source: ScanGrants feed - April 15, 2014 Category: Research Authors: Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Nurses Source Type: funding

Multiatlas segmentation of thoracic and abdominal anatomy with level set-based local search.
Abstract Segmentation of organs at risk (OARs) remains one of the most time-consuming tasks in radiotherapy treatment planning. Atlas-based segmentation methods using single templates have emerged as a practical approach to automate the process for brain or head and neck anatomy, but pose significant challenges in regions where large interpatient variations are present. We show that significant changes are needed to autosegment thoracic and abdominal datasets by combining multi-atlas deformable registration with a level set-based local search. Segmentation is hierarchical, with a first stage detecting bulk organ l...
Source: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics - September 12, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Schreibmann E, Marcus DM, Fox T Tags: J Appl Clin Med Phys Source Type: research

Variables Associated with Effects on Morbidity in Older Adults Following Disasters
Conclusion Older adults are at a known risk for increased morbidity during and shortly after disasters and catastrophic events, especially in the presence of multiple co-morbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. Other factors, such as the need for prescription medications, low social support, visual and hearing impairment, impaired mobility, and poor economic status, have also been associated with an increased risk of negative health outcomes. The utilization of existing databases of older adults’ vulnerabilities and the measurement of the prevalence of these risk factors in the community may...
Source: PLOS Currents Disasters - December 5, 2014 Category: Global & Universal Authors: jenkins at jhmi.edu Source Type: research

What can 1 billion trials tell us about visual search?
Mobile technology (e.g., smartphones and tablets) has provided psychologists with a wonderful opportunity: through careful design and implementation, mobile applications can be used to crowd source data collection. By garnering massive amounts of data from a wide variety of individuals, it is possible to explore psychological questions that have, to date, been out of reach. Here we discuss 2 examples of how data from the mobile game Airport Scanner (Kedlin Co., http://www.airportscannergame.com) can be used to address questions about the nature of visual search that pose intractable problems for laboratory-based research. ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance - December 8, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mitroff, Stephen R.; Biggs, Adam T.; Adamo, Stephen H.; Dowd, Emma Wu; Winkle, Jonathan; Clark, Kait Source Type: research

Expectation violations in sensorimotor sequences: shifting from LTM‐based attentional selection to visual search
Long‐term memory (LTM) delivers important control signals for attentional selection. LTM expectations have an important role in guiding the task‐driven sequence of covert attention and gaze shifts, especially in well‐practiced multistep sensorimotor actions. What happens when LTM expectations are disconfirmed? Does a sensory‐based visual‐search mode of attentional selection replace the LTM‐based mode? What happens when prior LTM expectations become valid again? We investigated these questions in a computerized version of the number‐connection test. Participants clicked on spatially distributed numbered shapes...
Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2015 Category: Science Authors: Rebecca M. Foerster, Werner X. Schneider Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Invariant spatial context is learned but not retrieved in gaze-contingent tunnel-view search.
Our visual brain is remarkable in extracting invariant properties from the noisy environment, guiding selection of where to look and what to identify. However, how the brain achieves this is still poorly understood. Here we explore interactions of local context and global structure in the long-term learning and retrieval of invariant display properties. Participants searched for a target among distractors, without knowing that some “old” configurations were presented repeatedly (randomly inserted among “new” configurations). We simulated tunnel vision, limiting the visible region around fixation. Robust facilitatio...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 20, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Zang, Xuelian; Jia, Lina; Müller, Hermann J.; Shi, Zhuanghua Source Type: research

Stephen Hawking launches $100m search for alien life beyond solar system
Breakthrough Listen, funded by Yuri Milner, will allow telescopes to eavesdrop on planets that orbit the million stars closest to Earth and 100 nearest galaxiesAstronomers are to embark on the most intensive search for alien life yet by listening out for potential radio signals coming from advanced civilisations far beyond the solar system. Leading researchers have secured time on two of the world’s most powerful telescopes in the US and Australia to scan the Milky Way and neighbouring galaxies for radio emissions that betray the existence of life elsewhere. The search will be 50 times more sensitive, and cover 10 times ...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - July 21, 2015 Category: Science Authors: Ian Sample Science editor Tags: Alien life Science Astronomy Royal Society Martin Rees Space Stephen Hawking UK news World news Source Type: news

Children adapt their questions to achieve efficient search.
Abstract One way to learn about the world is by asking questions. We investigate how younger children (7- to 8-year-olds), older children (9- to 11-year-olds), and young adults (17- to 18-year-olds) ask questions to identify the cause of an event. We find a developmental shift in children's reliance on hypothesis-scanning questions (which test hypotheses directly) versus constraint-seeking questions (which reduce the space of hypotheses), but also that all age groups ask more constraint-seeking questions when hypothesis-scanning questions are least likely to pay off: When the solution is one among equally likely a...
Source: Cognition - July 17, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Ruggeri A, Lombrozo T Tags: Cognition Source Type: research

Using eye-tracker to compare search patterns between experienced and novice workers for site hazard identification
This study created a digital building construction site, and designed a hazard-identification experiment involving four workplaces featuring obvious and unobvious hazards (e.g., falls, collapses, and electric shocks), and an eye-tracker was used to compare the search patterns of the experienced and novice workers. The results indicated that experience assisted the experienced workers in assessing both obvious (p <0.001) and unobvious hazards (p =0.004) significantly faster than the novice workers could; however, it did not improve the accuracy with which they identified hazards, indicating that general work experien...
Source: Safety Science - September 22, 2015 Category: Occupational Health Source Type: research

Question 2: Do standing frames and other related physical therapies reduce the risk of fractures in children with cerebral palsy?
Scenario A 9-year-old girl with non-ambulant cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) level 4) attends clinic. Despite adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation, a recent dual-energy x-ray absortiometry (DEXA) bone scan shows a bone mineral density in the osteopenic range (Z score –2.6). Her mother is anxious about the risk of fractures and asks what can be done to reduce the risk. Structured clinical question In children with osteopenia secondary to cerebral palsy, do weight-bearing activities (including standing frames, vibration platforms and physiotherapy) reduce the risk of fracture...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - November 19, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Whittaker, S., Tomlinson, R. Tags: ADC Archimedes, Weight training, Cerebral palsy, Pain (neurology), Child health, Disability, Physiotherapy, Rheumatology, Physiotherapy, Trauma, Injury Source Type: research