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Total 137 results found since Jan 2013.

Was Arafat poisoned by radioactive polonium?
Yasser Arafat The Maybe-Murder of Yasser Arafat: In a must-read post on Wired Science Blogs, Deborah Blum points out that despite the recent confirmation of traces of radioactive polonium-210 in the exhumed remains of Palestinian Liberation Organization chairman Yasser Arafat, it is far from certain that he died of radiation poisoning. In October 2004, a month before he died, Arafat developed vomiting and abdominal pain. The symptoms were so severe that he was transferred from his home on the West Bank to a hospital in France. The direct cause of Arafat’s death — which occurred on November 11 — was a hemorrha...
Source: The Poison Review - November 12, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical acute radiation syndrome arafat cesium himalayan mountain salt hypokalemia pablo neruda poisoning polonium-210 radioactivity smacc 2013 weekly web review in toxicology Source Type: news

Emergency department visits in Colorado associated with smoking synthetic cannabinoids
3 out of 5 stars Severe Illness Associated with Reported Use of Synthetic Marijuana — Colorado, August-September 2013. MMWR 2013 Dec 13;62:1016-1017. Full Text In August and September of this year, it became apparent to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) that there was a significant increase in the number of patients visiting emergency departments after smoking synthetic marijuana products. Therefore, the Department sent out a request to all EDs in the state to report patients seen on or after August 21 with altered mental status after using any form of synthetic marijuana. To study this pr...
Source: The Poison Review - December 13, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical colorado crazy clown denver spice synthetic cannabinoid Source Type: news

Estimating the decline in excess risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following quitting smoking - a systematic review based on the negative exponential model.
Abstract We quantified the decline in COPD risk following quitting using the negative exponential model, as previously carried out for other smoking-related diseases. We identified 14 blocks of RRs (from 11 studies) comparing current smokers, former smokers (by time quit) and never smokers, some studies providing sex-specific blocks. Corresponding pseudo-numbers of cases and controls/at risk formed the data for model-fitting. We estimated the half-life (H, time since quit when the excess risk becomes half that for a continuing smoker) for each block, except for one where no decline with quitting was evident, and H...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - December 19, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lee PN, Fry JS, Forey B Tags: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Clinical Experience of Life-Threatening Dabigatran-Related Bleeding at a Large, Tertiary Care, Academic Medical Center: a Case Series.
CONCLUSION: Reversal strategies for dabigatran-related bleeding events at our institution are highly variable. Intracranial hemorrhage in patients on dabigatran was associated with 43 % mortality. Patients with severe dabigatran-related bleeding may benefit from a standardized approach to treatment. PMID: 24385325 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Medical Toxicology - January 3, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ross B, Miller MA, Ditch K, Tran M Tags: J Med Toxicol Source Type: research

In vivo evidence of methamphetamine induced attenuation of brain tissue oxygenation as measured by EPR oximetry.
This study investigated striatal tissue pO2 changes in male C57BL/6 mice (16-20g) following METH administration using EPR oximetry, a highly sensitive modality to measure pO2in vivo, in situ and in real time. We demonstrate that 20min after a single injection of METH (8mg/kg i.v.), the striatal pO2 was reduced to 81% of the pretreatment level and exposure to METH for 3 consecutive days further attenuated striatal pO2 to 64%. More importantly, pO2 did not recover fully to control levels even 24hrs after administration of a single dose of METH.and continual exposure to METH exacerbates the condition. We also show a reduction...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - January 8, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Weaver J, Yang Y, Purvis R, Weatherwax T, Rosen GM, Liu KJ Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Test of the Usefulness of a Paradigm to Identify Potential Cardiovascular Liabilities of Four Test Articles With Varying Pharmacological Properties in Anesthetized Guinea Pigs
This study aimed to establish the feasibility of an anesthetized guinea pig preparation to assess functional liabilities in the setting of simultaneous drug-induced electrocardiographic/hemodynamic changes, by evaluating the effects of various compounds with known cardiovascular properties on direct and indirect indices of left ventricular function. In short, twenty nine male guinea pigs were instrumented to measure electrocardiograms, systemic arterial pressure, and left ventricular pressure-volume relationships. After baseline measurement, all animals were given intravenous infusions of vehicle and two escalating concent...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - January 31, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kijtawornrat, A., Ueyama, Y., del Rio, C., Sawangkoon, S., Buranakarl, C., Chaiyabutr, N., Hamlin, R. L. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Does cannabis cause acute coronary syndromes?
2 out of 5 stars Is recent cannabis use associated with acute coronary syndromes? An illustrative case series. Casier I et al. Acta Cardiol 2014 Apr;69:131-136. Abstract Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has a number of well-documented effects on the cardiovascular system: increased heart rate increased blood pressure decreased peripheral vascular resistance orthostatic hypotension THC may also be associated in rare cases with induction of ventricular arrhythmias. In addition, smoking marijuana may decreased oxygen delivery to the myocardium because of elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels. This paper presents 3 cases in which, t...
Source: The Poison Review - June 25, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical cannabis cardiotoxicity coronary disease marijuana tetrahydrocannabinol THC Source Type: news

Using Drug-Intoxicated Deaths as Potential Organ Donors: Impression of Attendees at the American College of Medical Toxicology 2014 Annual Scientific Meeting.
CONCLUSIONS: Medical toxicologists have some reservation in recommending solid organs for transplantation from deaths from cocaine and carbon monoxide. Given the decrease in potential organ donors from typical methods of death, further work is needed to promote organ donation in deaths related to acute poisoning. PMID: 25023224 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Medical Toxicology - July 15, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Wood DM, Chan WL, Dargan PI Tags: J Med Toxicol Source Type: research

Saturday with SMACC: The Art and Science of Fluid Responsiveness
Haney Mallemat – The Art and Science of Fluid Responsiveness from Social Media and Critical Care on Vimeo. From SMACC Gold: In a great talk, Haney Mallemat from the University of Maryland discusses the limitations of static indices of fluid responsiveness such as blood pressure and respiratory-induced changes in inferior vena cava diameter. He argues persuasively that dynamic indices — such as change in stroke volume with passive leg raise — are more accurate and precise, although measurement is technically more difficult.  
Source: The Poison Review - September 7, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical dynamic indices fluid responsiveness haney mallemat SMACC ultrasound Source Type: news

17-beta estradiol inhibits oxidative stress-induced accumulation of AIF into nucleolus and PARP1-dependent cell death via estrogen receptor alpha.
Abstract Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage results in over-activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), leading to parthanatos, a newly discovered cell elimination pathway. Inhibition of PARP1-dependent cell death has shown to improve the outcome of diseases, including stroke, heart ischemia, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study we aimed to detect whether estrogen plays a protective role in inhibiting parthanatos. We utilized human mammary adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7) that abundantly express the estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ). Parthanatos was induced by challenging the ce...
Source: Toxicology Letters - September 30, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Batnasan E, Wang R, Wen J, Ke Y, Li X, Bohio AA, Zeng X, Huo H, Han L, Boldogh I, Ba X Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

Canola and hydrogenated soybean oils accelerate ectopic bone formation induced by implantation of bone morphogenetic protein in mice
In conclusion, Can and H2-Soy accelerated BMP-induced bone formation in mice to a greater extent than Soy. Further research is required to evaluate whether the difference in accelerated ectopic bone formation is associated with altered levels of VK2 and VK-dependent protein(s) among the three dietary groups.
Source: Toxicology Reports - November 7, 2014 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research

Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Cerebrum of Nonhuman Primates
The efficacy of stem cell transplantation for promoting recovery of patients with neurological diseases, such as stroke, has been reported in several studies. However, the safety of the intracerebral transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety of hMSCs transplanted in cerebrum of Macaca fascicularis and to provide evidence for clinical application. A total of 24 M fascicularis were assigned to 3 groups randomly: low dose (3.0 x 105 cells/kg), high dose (2.5 x 106 cells/kg), and the control (normal saline [NS]). Human mesenchymal stem cells or NS w...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - October 9, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Feng, M., Li, Y., Han, Q., Bao, X., Yang, M., Zhu, H., Li, Q., Wei, J., Ma, W., Gao, H., An, Y., Zhao, R. C., Qin, C., Wang, R. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Cardiovascular responses to lead are biphasic, while methylmercury, but not inorganic mercury, monotonically increases blood pressure in rats.
Abstract Cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attack and stroke, are the major cause of death worldwide. It is well known that a high number of environmental and physiological risk factors contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Although risk factors are additive, increased blood pressure (hypertension) is the greatest risk factor. Over the last two decades, a growing number of epidemiological studies associate environmental exposure to lead or mercury species with hypertension. However, cardiovascular effects beyond blood pressure are rarely studied and thresholds for effect not yet clear. To ...
Source: Toxicology - December 2, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Wildemann TM, Mirhosseini N, Siciliano SD, Weber LP Tags: Toxicology Source Type: research

Risk of death from cardiovascular disease associated with low-level arsenic exposure among long-term smokers in a US population-based study.
Abstract High levels of arsenic exposure have been associated with increases in cardiovascular disease risk. However, studies of arsenic's effects at lower exposure levels are limited and few prospective studies exist in the United States using long-term arsenic exposure biomarkers. We conducted a prospective analysis of the association between toenail arsenic and cardiovascular disease mortality using longitudinal data collected on 3939 participants in the New Hampshire Skin Cancer Study. Using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential confounders, we estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence interva...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - June 2, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Farzan SF, Chen Y, Rees JR, Zens MS, Karagas MR Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Exposure to concentrated ambient particulate matter induces reversible increase of heart weight in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Conclusion: Chronic exposure to CAP induces reversible cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy, which is likely to be subsequent to the elevation in BP and induction of systemic inflammation as evidenced by increased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in diverse tissues.
Source: Particle and Fibre Toxicology - June 25, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhekang YingXiaoyun XieYuntao BaiMinjie ChenXiaoke WangXuan ZhangMasako MorishitaQinghua SunSanjay Rajagopalan Source Type: research