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Total 109 results found since Jan 2013.

Lithium chloride promotes neural functional recovery after local cerebral ischemia injury in rats through Wnt signaling pathway activation
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2022 Aug 2. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2022.0068. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLithium chloride (LiCl) has a significant neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia. However, to date, there is a paucity of evidence on the role of LiCl in neural restoration after brain ischemia and the signaling pathways involved remain unclear. Therefore, to address this gap, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model was used to simulate human ischemia stroke. Male SD rats were given MCAO for 90 min followed by reperfusion, and Dickkopf-1(DKK1, 5.0 μg/kg) was administered half an hour before MCAO. Rats were then ...
Source: Folia Morphologica - August 2, 2022 Category: Anatomy Authors: Z Junde L Tingting Z Lu C Shan Y Dan Source Type: research

The impact of aging on human brain network target controllability
AbstractUnderstanding how few distributed areas can steer large-scale brain activity is a fundamental question that has practical implications, which range from inducing specific patterns of behavior to counteracting disease. Recent endeavors based on network controllability provided fresh insights into the potential ability of single regions to influence whole brain dynamics through the underlying structural connectome. However, controlling the entire brain activity is often unfeasible and might not always be necessary. The question whether single areas can control specific target subsystems remains crucial, albeit still ...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - October 23, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Unilateral developmental absence of internal carotid artery with contralateral middle cerebral artery occlusion
ConclusionsThis article highlights the importance of screening the head CT on bone window settings in case of the non-visualization of ICA to differentiate congenital absence from a steno-occlusive disease. It also illustrates the role of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR Angiography (MRA) in demonstrating further possible vascular anomalies, structural brain malformations, and collateral circulation.
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - January 27, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

The right uncinate fasciculus supports verbal short-term memory in aphasia
AbstractVerbal short-term memory (STM) deficits are associated with language processing impairments in people with aphasia. Importantly, the integrity of STM can predict word learning ability and anomia therapy gains in aphasia. While the recruitment of perilesional and contralesional homologous brain regions has been proposed as a possible mechanism for aphasia recovery, little is known about the white-matter pathways that support verbal STM in post-stroke aphasia. Here, we investigated the relationships between the language-related white matter tracts and verbal STM ability in aphasia. Nineteen participants with post-str...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - April 2, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

SHRSP5/Dmcr rats fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet develop disease-induced sarcopenia as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progresses
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that SHRSP5/Dmcr rats could be a useful novel model for investigate the mechanism of secondary sarcopenia disorder associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.PMID:37209870 | DOI:10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152104
Source: Annals of Anatomy - May 20, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Shusei Yamamoto Koki Honma Moe Fujii Mai Kakimoto Sora Kirihara Hinako Nakayama Kazuya Kitamori Ikumi Sato Satoshi Hirohata Shogo Watanabe Source Type: research

Anatomy of the pontine arteries and perforators of the basilar artery in humans
J Anat. 2023 Jul 6. doi: 10.1111/joa.13927. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCerebral blood flow constitutes a critical area of interest for neurologists, neurosurgeons, and interventional radiologists as a social burden related to ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and vascular dementia is expected to intensify. There is a great need to develop new and effective therapies, therefore deepening understanding of cerebrovascular anatomy, physiology, and pathology is crucial. The main aim of the study was to develop a comprehensive classification of the pontine arteries considering their typology, relations to the cranial nerve...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - July 7, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Magdalena Kwiatkowska Rados ław Rzepliński Bogdan Ciszek Source Type: research

Distribution of the hematopoietic growth factor G-CSF and its receptor in the adult human brain with specific reference to Alzheimer's disease.
Abstract The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), being a member of the hematopoietic growth factor family, is also critically involved in controlling proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Treatment with G-CSF has been shown to result in substantial neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects in various experimental models of acute and chronic diseases of the central nervous system. Although G-CSF has been tested in a clinical study for treatment of acute ischemic stroke, there is only fragmentary data on the distribution of this cytokine and its receptor in the human brain. Therefore...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 5, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Ridwan S, Bauer H, Frauenknecht K, Hefti K, von Pein H, Sommer CJ Tags: J Anat Source Type: research

The clinical anatomy of the right ventricle
Because the systemic and pulmonary circulations are arranged in series, the right and left ventricles of the human heart have similar stroke volumes (with only minute beat‐to‐beat changes). Besides propelling the same volume of blood through the corresponding circulations, the two ventricles also share common structures such as the pericardium, the interventricular septum and the coronary arteries and veins—all of which complete the dynamic and integrated picture of the human heart. However, there are marked differences between the left and right ventricles as each is adapted to separate and dissimilar vascular beds,...
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 1, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Horia Muresian Tags: Original Communication Source Type: research

Unusual origin of the left ophthalmic artery from the basilar trunk
We present a very unusual origin of the ophthalmic artery from the basilar trunk, in a 45-year-old male with a history of pontine hemorrhagic stroke. MRI and CTA showed evidence of previous hemorrhage in the pons and several intracranial arterial dysplastic dilatations. DSA confirmed several fusiform dilatations of the basilar trunk. In the left ICA, no ophthalmic artery was seen arising from the carotid siphon. The left ophthalmic artery arises from the basilar trunk and runs lateral to the cavernous sinus through the middle cranial fossa, entering the left orbit at the superior orbital fissure. The patient was treated co...
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - April 24, 2015 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Sensory control of normal movement and of movement aided by neural prostheses.
This article provides a brief review of various theories, past and present, that address these questions. To what extent has the knowledge gained resulted in clinical applications? Muscles paralyzed as a result of spinal cord injury or stroke can be activated by electrical stimulation delivered by neuroprostheses. In practice, at most two or three sensors can be deployed on the human body, providing only a small fraction of the information supplied by the tens of thousands of sensory receptors in animals. Most of the neuroprostheses developed so far do not provide continuous feedback control. Instead, they switch from one ...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - June 5, 2015 Category: Anatomy Authors: Prochazka A Tags: J Anat Source Type: research

Postnatal development of the molecular complex underlying astrocyte polarization
Abstract Astrocytes are highly polarised cells with processes that ensheath microvessels, cover the brain surface, and abut synapses. The endfoot membrane domains facing microvessels and pia are enriched with aquaporin-4 water channels (AQP4) and other members of the dystrophin associated protein complex (DAPC). Several lines of evidence show that loss of astrocyte polarization, defined by the loss of proteins that are normally enriched in astrocyte endfeet, is a common denominator of several neurological diseases such as mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and stroke. Little is known about the ...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - June 26, 2015 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Novel insights into early neuroanatomical evolution in penguins from the oldest described penguin brain endocast.
Abstract Digital methodologies for rendering the gross morphology of the brain from X-ray computed tomography data have expanded our current understanding of the origin and evolution of avian neuroanatomy and provided new perspectives on the cognition and behavior of birds in deep time. However, fossil skulls germane to extracting digital endocasts from early stem members of extant avian lineages remain exceptionally rare. Data from early-diverging species of major avian subclades provide key information on ancestral morphologies in Aves and shifts in gross neuroanatomical structure that have occurred within those...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - February 24, 2016 Category: Anatomy Authors: Proffitt JV, Clarke JA, Scofield RP Tags: J Anat Source Type: research