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Total 656 results found since Jan 2013.

Ion dynamics at the energy-deprived tripartite synapse
by Manu Kalia, Hil G. E. Meijer, Stephan A. van Gils, Michel J. A. M. van Putten, Christine R. Rose The anatomical and functional organization of neurons and astrocytes at ‘tripartite synapses’ is essential for reliable neurotransmission, which critically depends on ATP. In low energy conditions, synaptic transmission fails, accompanied by a breakdown of ion gradients, changes in membrane po tentials and cell swelling. The resulting cellular damage and cell death are causal to the often devastating consequences of an ischemic stroke. The severity of ischemic damage depends on the age and the brain region in which a st...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - June 18, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Manu Kalia Source Type: research

Theoretical efficiency limits and speed-efficiency trade-off in myosin motors
by Andrej Vilfan, Andreja Šarlah Muscle myosin is a non-processive molecular motor generates mechanical work when cooperating in large ensembles. During its cyle, each individual motor keeps attaching and detaching from the actin filament. The random nature of attachment and detachment inevitably leads to losses and imposes theoretical limits on the energetic efficiency. Here, we numerically determine the theoretical efficiency limit of a classical myosin model with a given number of mechano-chemical states. All parameters that are not bounded by physical limits (like rate limiting steps) are determined by numerical effi...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - July 21, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Andrej Vilfan Source Type: research

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) pathway regulates developmental cerebral-vascular stability via prenylation-dependent signalling pathway.
Abstract Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage is a debilitating form of stroke, often leading to death or permanent cognitive impairment. Many of the causative genes and the underlying mechanisms implicated in developmental cerebral-vascular malformations are unknown. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies in mice have shown inhibition of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) pathway to be effective in stabilizing cranial vessels. Using a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches to specifically inhibit the HMGCR pathway in zebrafish (Danio rerio), we demonstrate a requirement for this metab...
Source: Developmental Biology - January 1, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Eisa-Beygi S, Hatch G, Noble S, Ekker M, Moon TW Tags: Dev Biol Source Type: research

Association of Self‐Reported Familial History of Cardiometabolic Disease with Metabolic Syndrome in Apparently Healthy Urban Colombian Men
Discussionthe findings of association of this study together with the previous reports are evidence of the importance of hereditary component as independent predictor of cardiovascular risk factors and its clustering, as well as of possible specific association patterns between FH of CMD and MetS depending on evaluated population in terms of ethnic groups and geographic region. Further studies are required in other populations, as well as exploration of genetic markers of CMD regarding to MetS. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: American Journal of Human Biology - February 5, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Milton F. Suárez‐Ortegón, Alejandra Arbeláez, Mildrey Mosquera, Fabian Méndez, Alberto Pradilla, Cecilia Aguilar‐de Plata Tags: Short Report Source Type: research

Scientists decode genome of painted turtle, revealing clues to extraordinary adaptations
(University of California - Los Angeles) A UCLA scientist and other researchers who have just sequenced the first turtle genome uncovered clues about how people can benefit from the shelled creatures' remarkable longevity and ability to survive long stretches without oxygen. Understanding the natural mechanisms turtles use to protect the heart and brain from oxygen deprivation may one day improve treatments for heart attack or stroke. Lead author UCLA Professor Brad Shaffer collaborated with Washington University's Genome Institute and 58 co-authors.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - April 10, 2013 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Inhibition of galectin-3 reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke. Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding lectin implicated in the pathophysiology of CVD and is highly expressed within atherosclerotic lesions in mice and humans. The object of this present study was to use genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition in a well-characterized mouse model of atherosclerosis to determine the role of galectin-3 in plaque development. Apolipoprotein-E/galectin-3 knockout mice were generated and fed a high-cholesterol "western" diet. Galectin-3 deletion had no consistent effect on the serum lipid profile but halv...
Source: Glycobiology - May 2, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: MacKinnon, A. C., Liu, X., Hadoke, P. W., Miller, M. R., Newby, D. E., Sethi, T. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Quantitative Detection of Nitroxyl Upon Trapping with Glutathione and Labeling with a Specific Fluorogenic Reagent.
Abstract Donors of nitroxyl (HNO) have shown promise for treatment of stroke, heart failure, alcoholism and cancer. However, comparing the pharmacological capacities of various donors is difficult without first quantifying the amount of HNO released from each donor. Detection and quantitation of HNO has been complicated by the rapid self-consumption of HNO through irreversible dimerization, poor selectivity of trapping agents against other nitrogen oxides, and/or low sensitivity towards HNO. Here, an assay is described for the trapping of HNO by glutathione (GSH) followed by labeling of GSH with the fluorogenic ag...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - May 16, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Johnson GM, Chozinski TJ, Salmon DJ, Moghaddam AD, Chen HC, Miranda KM Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Hydroxycarbamide: Clinical aspects.
Abstract Due to its oral route of administration and mild toxicity profile, as well as its potent laboratory and clinical effects, hydroxyurea (or hydroxycarbamide) has been the primary focus of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction strategies for the treatment of children with sickle cell anemia (SCA). When administered orally once a day, hydroxyurea treatment is very well tolerated with little short-term toxicity. Hydroxyurea has documented laboratory efficacy with increases in Hb and HbF; treatment also significantly reduces the number of painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, transfusions, and hospitalizations. Mo...
Source: Comptes Rendus Biologies - March 1, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Ware RE Tags: C R Biol Source Type: research

Thermal and hemodynamic response to whole-body cryostimulation in healthy subjects.
In conclusion, the present findings suggest that WBC strongly stimulates the baroreceptor cardiac reflex in response to body fluid changes which sequentially modulate HR and BP control in supine and resting healthy subjects. The study was performed on randomized and homogenic group of young healthy subjects. Our findings are important for WBC safety determination in research and clinical studies. PMID: 23535554 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cryobiology - May 23, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Zalewski P, Klawe JJ, Pawlak J, Tafil-Klawe M, Newton J Tags: Cryobiology Source Type: research

A Simple Rule for Dendritic Spine and Axonal Bouton Formation Can Account for Cortical Reorganization after Focal Retinal Lesions
by Markus Butz, Arjen van Ooyen Lasting alterations in sensory input trigger massive structural and functional adaptations in cortical networks. The principles governing these experience-dependent changes are, however, poorly understood. Here, we examine whether a simple rule based on the neurons' need for homeostasis in electrical activity may serve as driving force for cortical reorganization. According to this rule, a neuron creates new spines and boutons when its level of electrical activity is below a homeostatic set-point and decreases the number of spines and boutons when its activity exceeds this set-point. In add...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - October 10, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Markus Butz et al. Source Type: research

Gene-silencing study finds new targets for Parkinson's disease
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Scientists at the National Institutes of Health have used RNA interference technology to reveal dozens of genes which may represent new therapeutic targets for treating Parkinson's disease. The findings also may be relevant to several diseases caused by damage to mitochondria, the biological power plants found in cells throughout the body.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - November 24, 2013 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Novel Central Nervous System Drug Delivery Systems
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Novel systems of drug delivery to the central nervous system are reviewed. Multiple methods, including invasive and non‐invasive methods are examined.
Source: Chemical Biology and Drug Design - December 10, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Jocelyn Stockwell, Nabiha Abdi, Xiaofan Lu, Oshin Maheshwari, Changiz Taghibiglou Tags: Review Source Type: research

Wayne State discovers potential treatment for better heart health in hemodialysis patients
(Wayne State University - Office of the Vice President for Research) Researchers at Wayne State University have discovered a potential way to improve the lipid profiles in patients undergoing hemodialysis that may prevent cardiovascular disease common in these patients. Patients undergoing hemodialysis for kidney failure are at a greater risk for atherosclerosis, a common disease in which plaque builds up inside the arteries. Atherosclerosis can lead to serious problems including heart attack, stroke or even death.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - January 15, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Overexpression of Heat Shock Protein 72 Attenuates NF-κB Activation Using a Combination of Regulatory Mechanisms in Microglia
This study illustrates the multi-faceted nature of Hsp72 regulation of NF-κB activation in microglia and offers further clues to a novel mechanism by which Hsp72 may protect cells against injury.
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - February 6, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Patrick W. Sheppard et al. Source Type: research