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Effectiveness of a community-based educational programme in reducing the cumulative incidence and prevalence of human Taenia solium cysticercosis in Burkina Faso in 2011 –14 (EFECAB): a cluster-randomised controlled trial
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT0309339. Findings Two villages in the same randomisation block were excluded, resulting in a final sample size of 58 villages. Overall, the intervention tended towards a decrease in the cumulative incidence of active cysticercosis from baseline to after randomisation (adjusted cumulative incidence ratio 0·65, 95% Bayesian credible interval [95% CrI] 0·39–1·05) and a decrease in active cysticercosis prevalence from baseline to after randomisation (adjusted prevalence proportion ratio 0·84; 95% CrI 0·59–1·18). The intervention was shown to be effective in ...
Source: The Lancet Global Health - March 10, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Scientists uncover brain circuits behind putting up a fight or freezing in place
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) In a study of mice, National Institutes of Health-funded researchers describe a new circuit involved in fine-tuning the brain's decision either to hide or confront threats. The study, published in Nature, was partially funded by the NIH's Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - May 10, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

Even a shark's electrical 'sixth sense' may be tuned to attack
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Imagine having superhuman hearing. You're at a noisy, cocktail party and yet your ears can detect normally inaudible sounds. But, unlike normal hearing, each of these sounds causes your ears to react in the same way. There is no difference between the quietest and loudest movements. According to a study funded by the National Institutes of Health, that may be how a shark's electrosensing organ reacts when it detects teensy, tiny electrical fields emanating from nearby prey.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - May 30, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

Fruit fly mating driven by a tweak in specific brain circuit
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) According to a new National Institutes of Health-funded study, it is not destiny that brings two fruit flies together, but an evolutionary matchmaker of sorts that made tiny adjustments to their brains' mating circuits, so they would be attracted to one another while rejecting advances from other, even closely-related, species. The results, published in Nature, may help explain how a specific female scent triggers completely different responses in different male flies.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - July 16, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

BU researcher receives NIH award to examine repetitive head injuries in former NFL players
(Boston University School of Medicine) Michael Alosco, PhD, assistant professor of neurology at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), has received a five-year, $793,000 K23 Award from the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - July 19, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

Study provides an early recipe for rewiring spinal cords
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) For many years, researchers have thought that the scar that forms after a spinal cord injury actively prevents damaged neurons from regrowing. In a study of rodents, scientists supported by the National Institutes of Health showed they could overcome this barrier and reconnect severed spinal cord nerves by turning back the neurons' clocks to put them into an early growth state. Once this occurs, neurons could be induced to regrow across the scarred tissue.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - August 30, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

Stress wracks worm nerves, leaving lasting memories
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Scientists stunted the puberty of male worms by starving them before they underwent sexual maturation. In a study funded by the National Institutes of Health, the scientists suggested that stress from starvation even days before sexual maturation prevented normal changes in the wiring patterns of key neuronal circuits, which caused adult male worms to act immature.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - September 6, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

Physical activity participation and the risk of chronic diseases among South Asian adults: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
DiscussionThis review will summarise the strength of the association between physical activity and selected chronic diseases and their markers among South Asian adults 40  years or older. The findings will provide an evidence base to guide public health policy and interventions in the South Asian region and to inform future research to address the rising burden of chronic diseases.Systematic review registrationPROSPEROCRD42018096505
Source: Systematic Reviews - October 30, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

NIH greatly expands investment in BRAIN Initiative
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) The National Institutes of Health announces funding of more than 200 new awards, totaling over $220 million, through the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative, an exciting trans-agency effort to arm researchers with revolutionary tools to fundamentally understand the neural circuits that underlie the healthy and diseased brain.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - November 2, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

NIH hosts meeting on the future of spinal cord injury research
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and its partners will host a meeting of researchers, clinicians, patients and patient advocates to discuss spinal cord injury (SCI) research and to chart a course of future studies. The two-day meeting will focus on three important timepoints for spinal cord injury: acute, sub-acute, and chronic. Other sessions will discuss the latest pre-clinical, clinical, and technological research relating to SCI. Overall, the meeting aims to discuss how to overcome barriers and improve collaboration.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - February 11, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

Want to learn a new skill? Take some short breaks
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) In a study of healthy volunteers, National Institutes of Health researchers found that our brains may solidify the memories of new skills we just practiced a few seconds earlier by taking a short rest. The results highlight the critically important role rest may play in learning.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - April 12, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

Scientists translate brain signals into speech sounds
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Scientists used brain signals recorded from epilepsy patients to program a computer to mimic natural speech -- an advancement that could one day have a profound effect on the ability of certain patients to communicate. The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health's Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Technologies (BRAIN) Initiative.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - April 24, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

ASRC Neuroscience director Patrizia Casaccia receives prestigious NINDS R35 Award from NIH
(Advanced Science Research Center, GC/CUNY) Patrizia Casaccia, founding director of the Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) at The Graduate Center, CUNY, has been awarded a $9.17 million Research Program Award from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (a division of the National Institutes of Health). The grant will fund work to investigate the mechanisms regulating the function of glial cells and how their dysfunction contributes to development of neurological diseases and mental disorders.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - May 15, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

Our brains appear uniquely tuned for musical pitch
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) In the eternal search for understanding what makes us human, scientists found that our brains are more sensitive to pitch, the harmonic sounds we hear when listening to music, than our evolutionary relative the macaque monkey. The study, funded in part by the National Institutes of Health, highlights the promise of Sound Health, a joint project between the NIH and the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts that aims to understand the role of music in health.
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - June 10, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

Reducing Health Care Disparities in Sickle Cell Disease: A Review.
Authors: Lee L, Smith-Whitley K, Banks S, Puckrein G Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder most common among African American and Hispanic American persons. The disease can cause substantial, long-term, and costly health problems, including infections, stroke, and kidney failure, many of which can reduce life expectancy. Disparities in receiving health care among African Americans and other racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States are well known and directly related to poor outcomes associated with SCD. As an orphan disease-one that affects <200 000 persons nationwide-SCD ...
Source: Public Health Reports - October 11, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Tags: Public Health Rep Source Type: research

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