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Infectious Disease: Outbreaks

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Preparedness of ICU networks for pandemics
Purpose of review The recent COVID-19 outbreak has clearly shown how epidemics/pandemics can challenge developed countries’ healthcare systems. Proper management of equipment and human resources is critical to provide adequate medical care to all patients admitted to the hospital and the ICU for both pandemic-related and unrelated reasons. Recent findings Appropriate separate paths for infected and noninfected patients and prompt isolation of infected critical patients in dedicated ICUs play a pivotal role in limiting the contagions and optimizing resources during pandemics. The key to handle these challenging...
Source: Current Opinion in Critical Care - December 29, 2020 Category: Nursing Tags: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Edited by Giacomo Bellani Source Type: research

Critical care triage during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa: A constitutional imperative!
Authors: Morrow BM, Gopalan PD, Joubert I, Paruk F, Pope A Abstract Triage and rationing of scarce intensive care unit (ICU) resources are an unavoidable necessity. In routine circumstances, ICU triage is premised on the best interests of an individual patient; however, when increased demand exceeds capacity, as during an infectious disease outbreak, healthcare providers need to make difficult decisions to benefit the broader community while still respecting individual interests. We are currently living through an unprecedented period, with South Africa (SA) facing the challenges of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Th...
Source: South African Medical Journal - January 7, 2021 Category: African Health Tags: S Afr Med J Source Type: research

Unplanned and medical admissions to pediatric intensive care units significantly decreased during COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy
Conclusions: Unplanned and medical PICU admissions significantly decreased during COVID-19 outbreak, especially those for respiratory failure.What is Known:• Northern Italy has been the first European area affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.• Although children are relatively spared from the severe COVID-19 disease, the pediatric care system has been affected by social restrictive measures, with a reported 73–88% reduction in pediatric emergency department admissions.What is New:• Unplanned and medical PICU admissions significantly decreased during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to pre-COVID-19 and to the same period...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 18, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Experiences of critical care nurses fighting against COVID ‐19: A qualitative phenomenological study
ConclusionsPositive and negative emotions and experiences have coexisted for the critical care nurses since the COVID ‐19 outbreak. Emotional support and psychological counseling play an important role in maintaining nurses' optimal mental health during the COVID‐19 crisis. Adequate protective equipment, financial and nonfinancial supports, effective communication, training and hiring of staff, and appropriate work shifts are also required to reduce nurses' negative experiences when providing care for the affected individuals.
Source: Nursing Forum - April 25, 2021 Category: Nursing Authors: Zahra Chegini, Morteza Arab ‐Zozani, Mohammad Reza Rajabi, Edris Kakemam Tags: RESEARCH MANUSCRIPT Source Type: research

Impact of Viral Seasonal Outbreaks on Crowding and Health Care Quality in Pediatric Emergency Departments
In conclusion, seasonal viral outbreaks have a strong impact on crowding and quality of care. The evolution of “patients left without being seen” between the first and fourth quartiles of DEL could be used as an indicator reflecting the capacity of adaptation of an emergency department to outbreaks.
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - December 1, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The association of mindfulness with professional quality of life and negative emotional states among critical care nurses during COVID ‐19 pandemic
ConclusionsThe current study provides preliminary evidence that mindfulness can be helpful in reducing critical care nurses' psychological distress and promoting their ProQOL, and is worthy of further investigation in this population.
Source: Nursing Forum - November 7, 2022 Category: Nursing Authors: Hisham A. Abu ‐Horirrah, Ahmad H. Rayan, Nidal F. Eshah, Mohammed Sa'd ALBashtawy, Rami Masa'deh Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

High Filtration Fitted Face Masks Protect Health Care Workers Who Work In High Risk Settings Or During A Pandemic
Health care workers who consistently wear special fitted face masks while on duty are much less likely to get clinical respiratory and bacterial infections, according to new research led by University of New South Wales (UNSW) academics. The results, published in The American Journal of Critical Care Medicine, are particularly significant with the threat of possible pandemics and severe flu seasons, such as the current outbreak in the United States...
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - February 27, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses Source Type: news

Summer Incidents and Accidents
The types of patients that we see in critical care are often a reflection of happenings that are occurring outside of the hospital walls. During natural disasters, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods, it is not unusual to see patients who had succumbed or been injured during these disasters. Nonnatural disasters, such as multimotor vehicle accidents, disease outbreaks, and mass casualties of any sort, are also events that occur outside the hospital and impact the staff and resources of critical care units. Natural phenomena also impact the critical care unit census, and this would include seasonal changes.
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - March 7, 2013 Category: Nursing Authors: Stephen D. Krau Source Type: research

Acinetobacter baumannii: Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance—Treatment Options
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 36: 085-098DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1398388The first decade of the 20th century witnessed a surge in the incidence of infections due to several highly antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in hospitals worldwide. Acinetobacter baumannii is one such organism that turned from an occasional respiratory pathogen into a major nosocomial pathogen. An increasing number of A. baumannii genome sequences have broadened our understanding of the genetic makeup of these bacteria and highlighted the extent of horizontal transfer of DNA. Animal models of disease combined with bacterial mutagenesis have provided som...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - February 2, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Doi, YoheiMurray, Gerald L.Peleg, Anton Y. Source Type: research

Waterborne Elizabethkingia meningoseptica in Adult Critical Care(1).
Abstract Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is an infrequent colonizer of the respiratory tract; its pathogenicity is uncertain. In the context of a 22-month outbreak of E. meningoseptica acquisition affecting 30 patients in a London, UK, critical care unit (3% attack rate) we derived a measure of attributable morbidity and determined whether E. meningoseptica is an emerging nosocomial pathogen. We found monomicrobial E. meningoseptica acquisition (n = 13) to have an attributable morbidity rate of 54% (systemic inflammatory response syndrome >2, rising C-reactive protein, new radiographic changes), suggesting that ...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - December 24, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Moore LS, Owens DS, Jepson A, Turton JF, Ashworth S, Donaldson H, Holmes AH Tags: Emerg Infect Dis Source Type: research

Enterovirus D68 and Human Respiratory Infections
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37: 578-585 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584795Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a member of the species Enterovirus D in the genus Enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family. EV-D68 was first isolated in the United States in 1962 and is primarily an agent of respiratory disease. Infections with EV-D68 have been rarely reported until recently, when reports of EV-D68 associated with respiratory disease increased notably worldwide. An outbreak in 2014 in the United States, for example, involved more than 1,000 cases of severe respiratory disease that occurred across almost all states. Phylogenetic analysis o...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - August 2, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Xiang, Zichun Wang, Jianwei Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Invasive Candidiasis
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 41: 003-012 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701215Invasive candidiasis (IC) is the most frequent health care associated invasive fungal infection. It is also associated with high morbidity, mortality, and cost. The most frequent etiologic agent is Candida albicans, but non-albicans species are increasing and associated with reduced antifungal susceptibility and outbreaks. Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant species recently described. IC presents as a spectrum of disease, going from fungemia to deep-seated candidiasis, and to septic shock with multiorgan failure. Diagnosis of IC is challe...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 29, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Gonzalez-Lara, Mar ía F. Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Projecting demand for critical care beds during COVID-19 outbreaks in Canada.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Canada may create substantial demand for hospital admission and critical care. We evaluated the extent to which self-isolation of mildly ill people delays the peak of outbreaks and reduces the need for this care in each Canadian province. METHODS: We developed a computational model and simulated scenarios for COVID-19 outbreaks within each province. Using estimates of COVID-19 characteristics, we projected the hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) bed requirements without self-isolation, assuming an average number of 2.5 ...
Source: cmaj - April 7, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Shoukat A, Wells CR, Langley JM, Singer BH, Galvani AP Tags: CMAJ Source Type: research

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Semin Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709160Emerging infectious diseases continue to be of a significant importance worldwide with the potential to cause major outbreaks and global pandemics. In 2002, the world had witnessed the appearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in China which disappeared abruptly within 6 months. About a decade later, a new and emerging novel coronavirus named the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was described in a patient from Saudi Arabia. These two coronaviruses shared multiple similarities in the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and p...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - April 17, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. Memish, Ziad A. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Clinical and Laboratory Findings on the Differences Between H1N1 Influenza and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): Focusing on the Treatment Approach
In this study, therefore, we compared some clinical, demographic, and laboratory findings to determine the differences between H1N1 influenza and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) to suggest the appropriate drug therapeutic approaches. Subsequent to the inclusion of 4 available studies, which presented all the required data, the findings and results were compared, showing fever and cough as the most prevalent clinical indications of both H1N1 influenza and 2019-nCoV diseases. With respect to the laboratory findings, both 2019-nCoV and H1N1 patients showed leukopenia as the main laboratory findings. Taken together, since ...
Source: Clinical Pulmonary Medicine - July 1, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: Critical Care/Respiratory Care Source Type: research