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Specialty: Pediatrics
Infectious Disease: Meningitis

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Total 58 results found since Jan 2013.

What Are the Classifications of Perinatal Stroke?
Discussion Perinatal stroke occurs in about 1:1000 live births and is a “focal vascular injury from the fetal period to 28 days postnatal age.” Perinatal stroke is the most common cause of hemiparetic cerebral palsy and causes other significant morbidity including cognitive deficits, learning disabilities, motor problems, sensory problems including visual and hearing disorders, epilepsy, and behavioral and psychological problems. Family members are also affected because of the potential anxiety and guilt feelings that having a child with a stroke presents, along with the care that may be needed over the child&#...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - May 1, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Antithrombotic Therapy for Secondary Stroke Prevention in Bacterial Meningitis in Children
Conclusion: In this small sample, heparin and ASA appeared to be safe in childhood bacterial meningitis complicated by stroke and may be effective in improving outcome. Heparin may be more effective than aspirin in preventing recurrent infarction.
Source: The Journal of Pediatrics - July 24, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Cyrus Boelman, Manohar Shroff, Ivanna Yau, Bruce Bjornson, Susan Richrdson, Gabrielle deVeber, Daune MacGregor, Mahendranathn Moharir, Rand Askalan Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Stroke in paediatric pneumococcal meningitis: a cross-sectional population-based study
Before routine infant pneumococcal immunisation and improved access to neuroimaging, around 25% of children with pneumococcal meningitis (PM) suffered ischaemic stroke (IS).1 2 In a population-based retrospective audit (UHS ZAUD2053), we investigated the postimmunisation prevalence of stroke/cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and compared features of children with and without IS/CVD. We included all cases of PM in children <18 years old with a Wessex postcode admitted to our tertiary centre, University Hospital Southampton (UHS) and the eight hospitals in our referral catchment area of Hampshire and Dorset (2001 childh...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - July 11, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pryde, K., Walker, W. T., Hollingsworth, C., Haywood, P., Baird, J., Hussey, M., Freeman, A., Gawne-Cain, M., Harms, B., Kirkham, F. J., Faust, S. N. Tags: PostScript Source Type: research

An unusual case of Typhus group rickettsial infection presenting as cerebrovascular stroke.
Publication date: Available online 10 November 2015 Source:Pediatric Infectious Disease Author(s): C L Srinivasa Murthy, P Namitha, K Raghavendra, Naveen Kumar, Rajath Pejaver Rickettsial diseases are a group of infections caused by obligate intracellular gram negative bacilli and transmitted to man by arthropod vectors. They are prevalent in many parts in India and are characterized by microvasculitis, causing microinfarcts in various organs 1). Complications of rickettsial infection include pneumonias, renal failures and neurological involvement. Neurological complications such as meningitis and meningoencephaliti...
Source: Pediatric Infectious Disease - November 10, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

An unusual case of typhus group rickettsial infection presenting as cerebrovascular stroke
Publication date: Available online 10 November 2015 Source:Pediatric Infectious Disease Author(s): C.L. Srinivasa Murthy, P. Namitha, K. Raghavendra, Naveen Kumar, Rajath Pejaver Rickettsial diseases are a group of infections caused by obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacilli and transmitted to man by arthropod vectors. They are prevalent in many parts in India and are characterized by microvasculitis, causing microinfarcts in various organs. 1 Complications of rickettsial infection include pneumonias, renal failures, and neurological involvement. Neurological complications, such as meningitis and meningoencepha...
Source: Pediatric Infectious Disease - January 15, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Antithrombotic therapy for secondary stroke prevention in meningitis
In this issue of The Journal, Boelman et al present a 15-year retrospective cohort experience of management and follow-up of 22 patients with stroke complicating bacterial meningitis cared for at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, and the British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver.
Source: The Journal of Pediatrics - September 25, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Sarah S. Long Tags: The Editors' Perspectives Source Type: research

Central Nervous System Complications of Varicella-Zoster Virus
Conclusion: Neurologic complications of VZV infection continue to occur despite the availability of an effective vaccine. Neurologic symptom onset can predate the appearance of the VZV exanthem and in rare cases may occur in the absence of an exanthem.
Source: The Journal of Pediatrics - July 24, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Michelle Science, Daune MacGregor, Susan E. Richardson, Sanjay Mahant, Dat Tran, Ari Bitnun Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

A Child with Tuberculous Meningitis Complicated by Cortical Venous and Cerebral Sino-Venous Thrombosis
AbstractStroke is common in tuberculous meningitis. Stroke commonly affects the tubercular zone, comprising the anterior part of the thalamus, caudate and the internal capsule (anterior limb and genu). Stroke, in tuberculous meningitis is predominantly arterial ischemic stroke, and is due to infiltrative, proliferative or necrotizing arteritis. Rarely, aneurysm formation and mycotic aneurysms have also been described. The authors describe the clinical and autopsy findings of a 27-mo-old boy with tuberculous meningitis whose course was complicated by arterial and venous strokes, and nonresponse to adequate and appropriate a...
Source: Indian Journal of Pediatrics - January 9, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

An Adolescent With Pseudomigraine, Transient Headache, Neurological Deficits, and Lymphocytic Pleocytosis (HaNDL Syndrome): Case Report and Review of the Literature
We report a 16-year-old adolescent with 2 episodes of focal neurological deficits, pseudomigrainous headache, and lymphocytic pleocytosis due to the syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis (HaNDL), also known as pseudomigraine with CSF pleocytosis. Review of the literature identifies 13 additional cases of HaNDL in the pediatric population. These cases are reviewed and evidence for possible etiopathogenesis is discussed. This syndrome may mimic much more common conditions such as complicated or hemiplegic migraine, aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or str...
Source: Clinical Pediatrics - May 8, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Filina, T., Feja, K. N., Tolan, R. W. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

What Causes Facial Nerve Palsy?
Discussion Facial nerve palsy has been known for centuries, but in 1821 unilateral facial nerve paralysis was described by Sir Charles Bell. Bell’s palsy (BP) is a unilateral, acute facial paralysis that is clinically diagnosed after other etiologies have been excluded by appropriate history, physical examination and/or laboratory testing or imaging. Symptoms include abnormal movement of facial nerve. It can be associated with changes in facial sensation, hearing, taste or excessive tearing. The right and left sides are equally affected but bilateral BP is rare (0.3%). Paralysis can be complete or incomplete at prese...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - June 3, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What Causes Ataxia?
Discussion Coordination and balance problems are caused by various problems affecting the central and peripheral nervous system. Normal development of a child or weakness of a child are commonly mistaken for true ataxia. Ataxia specifically refers to “…impairment of the coordination of movement without loss of muscle strength.” If it is purely due to abnormalities of the cerebellum then there should be no changes in mental status, sensation or weakness. Sometimes it is difficult to determine if there are abnormalities in other areas. For example, Guillian-Barre often presents with difficulty or clumsy wal...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 31, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms in HIV Infection
Abstract Neurological findings in HIV are common and include cognitive impairment, microcephaly, nonspecific white matter lesions and seizures. Cerebral vasculopathy and stroke are uncommon and may be due to primary HIV vasculopathy or opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis and cryptococcal meningitis. The authors describe a 7-y-old boy who presented with severe headache and was detected to have aneurysmal bleed due to intracranial aneurysm.
Source: Indian Journal of Pediatrics - April 12, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

What Causes Microcephaly?
Discussion Microcephaly is usually defined as an occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) more than 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for sex, age and ethnicity. Severe microcephaly is used for OFC < 3 standard deviations. Rates of microcephaly range from 0.5-12 patients/10,000 live births. The OFC should be measured at every well child visit and at other opportunities and plotted on standard growth charts. The OFC is measured using a nonelastic tape measure around the largest part of the head with the tape measure held above the eyebrows and ears. It is a highly reproducible measurement. There are several diff...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - September 25, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Polyuria, Polydipsia and Possible Diabetes Insipidus?
Discussion The body is smart. It has mechanisms for maintaining balances within the body in a closely controlled manner but allows for a variety of states. This is very true for fluid balance in the body which is highly controlled between almost all of the major body organ systems. When fluid is low, the sensor sends signals for us to drink, and conserves fluid until we can. When the fluid is high, the kidneys excrete the excess and sends signals not to drink. Usually it works very well. While there are many pathological states that can cause polyuria and/or polydipsia, the most common reason is excessive fluid intake beca...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 7, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Cardiac failure in a child with tuberculous meningitis as a complication of Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity
CONCLUSIONS: PSH assessment tool has benefits such as monitoring the patient, evaluating response to treatment and early diagnosing PSH patients.PMID:35611428 | DOI:10.24953/turkjped.2020.3609
Source: The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics - May 25, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: P ınar Yazıcı Özkaya E şe Eda Turanlı Hatice Feray Ar ı Serap Kurt B ülent Karapınar Source Type: research