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Infectious Disease: Endemics

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Tropical Travel Trouble 006 Watery Diarrhoea
LITFL • Life in the Fast Lane Medical Blog LITFL • Life in the Fast Lane Medical Blog - Emergency medicine and critical care medical education blog aka Tropical Travel Trouble 006 Our medical student who caught shigella on a Nepalese elective has a thirst for adventure. They plan to help at a Bangladesh refugee camp but the latest CDC report states there have been some cases of cholera. They’ve done a little bit of reading and want your help to teach them all about cholera and how they may prepare and best serve their new community. Questions: Q1. What is cholera and how is it transmitted? Answer and interpreta...
Source: Life in the Fast Lane - March 27, 2018 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Neil Long Tags: Clinical Cases Tropical Medicine cholera diarrhoea john snow ORS rice water diarrhoea watery diarrhoea Source Type: blogs

Prevalence of CYP2D6 Genotypes and Predicted Phenotypes in a Cohort of Cambodians at High Risk for Infections with Plasmodium vivax.
Abstract Clinical failure of primaquine (PQ) has been demonstrated in people with CYP450 2D6 genetic polymorphisms that result in reduced or no enzyme activity. The distribution of CYP2D6 genotypes and predicted phenotypes in the Cambodian population is not well described. Surveys in other Asian countries have shown an approximate 50% prevalence of the reduced activity of the CYP2D6 allele *10, which could translate into increased risk of PQ radical cure failure and repeated relapses, making interruption of transmission and malaria elimination difficult to achieve. We determined CYP2D6 genotypes from 96 volunteers...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - May 10, 2020 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Spring MD, Lon C, Sok S, Sea D, Wojnarski M, Chan S, Kuntawunginn W, Keng Heng T, Nou S, Arsanok M, Sriwichai S, Vanachayangkul P, Lin J, Manning JE, Jongsakul K, Pichyangkul S, Satharath P, Smith PL, Dysoley L, Saunders DL, Waters NC Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Imaging of pediatric pathology during the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts
Abstract United States Armed Forces radiologists deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq in modern military conflicts may encounter pediatric patients as a casualty of war or when providing humanitarian assistance to the indigenous population. Pediatric patients account for 4–7% of admissions at U.S. military hospitals during the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. It is pertinent for radiologists in the humanitarian care team to be familiar with imaging pediatric trauma patients, the pathology endemic to the local population, and delayed presentations of congenital and developmental disorders to adequately care for these...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - February 28, 2015 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Pulmonary fungal infections
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2015 Source:Current Medicine Research and Practice Author(s): Pratibha Gogia Fungi are a major pathogen not only in critically ill patients in intensive care units but also in immunocompromised hosts or susceptible hosts. Susceptible hosts are increasing continuously in the present era of organ transplants, biologic immune suppressant agents for inflammatory conditions, and widespread use of prophylactic antimicrobial regimens in various immune suppressed hosts. Larger use of broad spectrum antibiotics in critical care setting leads to fungal overgrowth syndrome and infectio...
Source: Current Medicine Research and Practice - October 18, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: research

Cervical Lymphatic Filariasis in a Pediatric Patient: Case Report and Database Analysis of Lymphatic Filariasis in the United States.
Abstract Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito-borne parasitic infection caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia spp. Commonly seen in tropical developing countries, lymphatic filariasis occurs when adult worms deposit in and obstruct lymphatics. Although not endemic to the United States, a few cases of lymphatic filariasis caused by zoonotic Brugia spp. have been reported. Here we present a case of an 11-year-old female with no travel history who was seen in our clinic for a 1-year history of painless left cervical lymphadenopathy secondary to lymphatic filariasis. We review the literature of this infection and di...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - May 29, 2018 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Simmonds JC, Mansour MK, Dagher WI Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Pediatric Medicaid Visits for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in the Black Belt Region-Alabama, 2010-2018
We describe pediatric Medicaid STH visits in Alabama and compare STH visit rates in Black Belt counties with those of non-Black Belt counties. Alabama Medicaid visit claims among children aged 0-18 years who received an STH diagnosis during January 2010-December 2018 were examined. STH-related pediatric visits were uncommon, but several counties with higher STH rates were identified. Visit rates did not differ meaningfully when comparing Black Belt with non-Black Belt region counties (rate ratio: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.73-1.64). Additional studies examining STH prevalence among children living in communities at risk for STH in Al...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - January 24, 2022 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Guillermo V Sanchez Anna J Blackstock Sherri L Davidson Source Type: research

A Libertarian ’ s Case Against Free Markets in Health Care
By ROMAN ZAMISHKA In the final act of Shakespeare’s Richard III, the eponymous villain king arrives on the battlefield to fight against Richmond, who will soon become Henry VII. During the battle, Richard is dismounted as his horse is killed and in a mad frenzy wades through the battlefield screaming “A horse, a horse! My kingdom for a horse!” Richard shows us how market value can change drastically depending on the circumstances, or your mental state, and even the most absurd exchange rate can become reasonable in a moment of crisis. This presumably arbitrary nature of prices should be the first thing...
Source: The Health Care Blog - August 2, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: at RogueRad Tags: Economics Free Market health economics Libertarian Source Type: blogs

Intravenous Artesunate for Imported Severe Malaria in Children Treated in Four Tertiary Care Centers in Germany: A Retrospective Study
Conclusions: ivA was highly efficacious in this pediatric cohort. We observed episodes of mild to moderate posttreatment hemolysis in approximately one-third of patients. The legal status and usage of potentially lifesaving ivA should be evaluated in Europe.
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - October 19, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research

Facing the Unexpected: Chest Wall Swelling 7 Years After A Stab Injury
Hydatid cyst is a parasitic infection that is endemic mostly in countries along the Mediterranean Sea coast (1,2). Humans are partially involved in the natural cycle of the cyst via oral ingestion of the cystic form of the parasite (1,3). The cyst is ingested in the duodenum and can spread to any organ via the arterial, venous, or lymphatic systems (1,3). The most common localization is the liver (55-60% of cases), followed by the lungs (25-30% of cases); localization to other organs occurs in approximately 5% of cases (4,5).
Source: The Journal of Emergency Medicine - August 14, 2015 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Eleftherios Spartalis, Demetrios Moris, Antonios Athanasiou, Dimitrios Dimitroulis, Periklis Tomos Tags: Visual Diagnosis in Emergency Medicine Source Type: research

Dengue fever may mislead the surgeons when it presents as an acute abdomen
Conclusions DF/DHF misleads the clinicians when it presents as AA. Initial heamatological and ultrasonographic findings may be equivocal creating a diagnostic and management dilemma. Vigilant clinical suspicion and early dengue serological assessment is advisable in equivocal cases of AAs with fever in dengue endemic areas, to confirm/exclude the infection in order to avoid unnecessary surgical morbidity in the presence of DF.
Source: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine - December 27, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Pediatric Musculoskeletal Coccidioidomycosis in Central California: A Single Center Experience
Conclusions: In endemic areas, musculoskeletal coccidioidomycosis causes a substantial disease burden in children and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of those presenting with bone and joint pain or swelling. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to minimize long-term morbidity and mortality.
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research

Knowledge about Chagas Disease among Family and Community Medicine Residents in a Non-Endemic Region: A Cross-Sectional Study
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2023 May 9:tpmd220081. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0081. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChagas disease (CD) is a parasitic disease endemic to continental Latin America that has globalized in recent years. The most relevant mechanisms of transmission of CD in non-endemic countries are transfusion with infected blood and mother-to-child transmission. There is limited information regarding practicing physicians' knowledge of CD transmission, clinical presentation, and treatment in non-endemic countries, including Spain. Our objective was to analyze the level of knowledge about CD in family and community medicine r...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - May 9, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Jos é-Manuel Ramos-Rincón Jos é-Joaquín Mira-Solves Patricia Crespo-Mateos Milagros Oyarzabal Clara-Isabel P érez-Ortiz Violeta Ramos-Sesma Miriam Navarro Source Type: research