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Source: Frontiers in Physiology
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Glutamate Transport and Preterm Brain Injury
Silvia Pregnolato1*, Elavazhagan Chakkarapani1, Anthony R. Isles2 and Karen Luyt1
1Department of Neonatal Neurology, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
2Behavioural Genetics Group, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Preterm birth complications are the leading cause of child death worldwide and a top global health priority. Among the survivors, the risk of life-long disabilities is high, including cerebral palsy and impairment of movement, cognition, and beh...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Is Aberrant Reno-Renal Reflex Control of Blood Pressure a Contributor to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Hypertension?
This study demonstrated unaltered vascular conductance in response to lumbar sympathetic stimulation in CIH-exposed rats. Aortic compliance was increased and estimated blood volume was unchanged in CIH-exposed rats. Increased blood pressure was related to an increase in cardiac output, which was confirmed by echocardiography (Lucking et al., 2014). It is suggested therefore that hypertension in the CIH model can be evoked by over-excitation of the cardiac arm of sympathetic nervous system (SNS), even before mechanisms of enhanced peripheral vasoconstriction and endothelial dysfunction are initiated (Naghshin et al., 2009)....
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Increasing Upstream Chromatin Long –Range Interactions May Favor Induction of Circular RNAs in LysoPC-Activated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
We examined the sponging potential of all significantly changed circRNAs using the CircInteractome database (Montefiori et al., 2018), recording two miRNAs with four or more predicted binding sites in a single circRNA transcript, a threshold above which meaningful sponging activity is likely to occur Memczak et al. (2013). Another four significantly changed circRNAs are experimentally shown to sponge miRNAs (Dudekula et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017; Yan et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2018), for six total circRNAs with miRNA sponging activity including miR125, miR143, miR1272, miR153, miR515-5p, and miR196a-5p (Table 4). In Fig...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 17, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Blood Flow Restriction Exercise Attenuates the Exercise-Induced Endothelial Progenitor Cell Response in Healthy, Young Men
Conclusion
In summary, this is the first study to show that BFR exercise did not augment EPC response to exercise, and in fact blunted the EPC response to low load unilateral KE exercise in young, healthy males.
Ethics Statement
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of Edinburgh Napier University Research and Ethics Governance Committee. The study was ethically approved by Edinburgh Napier University Research and Ethics Governance Committee. All participants gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Author Contributions
MR, RM, AP, CW, GF-J designed the s...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Repeated Changes to the Gravitational Field Negatively Affect the Serum Concentration of Select Growth Factors and Cytokines
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the ethical committee of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum with written informed consent from all subjects. All subjects gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the ethical committee of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (Register-Number 5158–14).
Author Contributions
US, FS, LG, and AK performed the experiments. US and TR analyzed the data, created the figures, and drafted the manuscript. TW, FS, and NB designed the study. All authors revised the manuscript and approved its fina...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Multimodal Optical Diagnostics of the Microhaemodynamics in Upper and Lower Limbs
Conclusion
The use of optical non-invasive diagnostic methods has a great potential for the detection of concomitant microcirculation disorders in patients with rheumatic diseases and diabetes. In this review, it was shown that the use of laser Doppler flowmetry, optical tissue oximetry and fluorescence spectroscopy together or separately may have important diagnostic value for the detection of violations, assessment of their severity, as well as for the analysis of the effectiveness of the therapy. The joint application of the considered technologies with the methods of machine learning (discriminant analysis) can be use...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
An Evaluation of Personal Cooling Systems for Reducing Thermal Strain Whilst Working in Chemical/Biological Protective Clothing
Conclusion: The IV, PCM, and SLIV produced lower heart rate, mean skin, rectal and mean body temperatures in addition to improved work times compared to control. The WS did not improve work times possibly as a result of the cooling capacity of the suit abating, and magnifying thermal insulation. Considering the added time and resources required to implement combination cooling in the form of ice slurry and ice vest (SLIV), there was no significant additive effect for perception, cardiovascular strain, rectal temperature and total trial time relative to the phase change vest or ice vest alone. This may be a product of a &#x...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 11, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Sickle Cell Disease Subjects Have a Distinct Abnormal Autonomic Phenotype Characterized by Peripheral Vasoconstriction With Blunted Cardiac Response to Head-Up Tilt
Conclusion
We have shown that SCD subjects are much more likely than non-SCD subjects to have impaired cardiac, but intact peripheral responses to orthostatic stress induced by HUT. These abnormal responses are associated with low baseline cardiac parasympathetic activity, independent of hemoglobin level. The classification of autonomic phenotypes based on HUT response may have potential use for predicting disease severity, guiding and targeting treatments/interventions to alleviate the risk of adverse outcomes in SCD.
Ethics Statement
All experiments were conducted at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA). The ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 10, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Benefits of Motor Imagery for Human Space Flight: A Brief Review of Current Knowledge and Future Applications
Conclusion: How to Implement MI Into the Preparation and Mission of the Astronauts
Motor imagery should ideally be performed before, during, and after exposure to microgravity to prepare for the lack of gravity, counteract the effects of weightlessness and promote the re-adaptation to normogravity. A quite similar theoretical viewpoint had been nicely proposed by Bock et al. (2015), who more specifically focused on the preparation period few days before landing. These authors developed two phases of individual MI training program to reach an optimal level of preparation before exposure to microgravity. In the first phase,...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 10, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Elite Swimmers ’ Training Patterns in the 25 Weeks Prior to Their Season’s Best Performanc Insights Into Periodization From a 20-Years Cohort
Conclusion: Progressive increases in training load, macrocycles lasting about 14–15 weeks, and substantial volume of training at intensities ≤4 mmol⋅L-1 and>6 mmol⋅L-1, were associated with peak performance in elite swimmers.
Introduction
To achieve the fastest competition performances, elite coaches periodise athletes’ training loads over multi-year and annual training programs (Turner, 2011; Mujika et al., 2018). Periodization is the purposeful sequencing of training units (long-, medium-, and short-term training cycles and sessions) designed to produce cumulated adaptations tha...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 9, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Elite Swimmers ’ Training Patterns in the 25 Weeks Prior to Their Season’s Best Performances: Insights Into Periodization From a 20-Years Cohort
Conclusion: Progressive increases in training load, macrocycles lasting about 14–15 weeks, and substantial volume of training at intensities ≤4 mmol⋅L-1 and>6 mmol⋅L-1, were associated with peak performance in elite swimmers.
Introduction
To achieve the fastest competition performances, elite coaches periodise athletes’ training loads over multi-year and annual training programs (Turner, 2011; Mujika et al., 2018). Periodization is the purposeful sequencing of training units (long-, medium-, and short-term training cycles and sessions) designed to produce cumulated adaptations tha...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 9, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
The lncRNA MALAT1 rs619586 G Variant Confers Decreased Susceptibility to Recurrent Miscarriage
In conclusion, our study suggests that the rs619586 G variant may have potential protective effects conferring a decreased risk of recurrent miscarriage in the southern Chinese population.
Introduction
Recurrent miscarriage is defined as the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation (Jaslow et al., 2010; Diejomaoh, 2015). The occurrence of recurrent miscarriage is associated with many factors, including genetic factors, immunological dysfunction, endocrine disorders, unhealthy lifestyles and defects of the reproductive organs (Saravelos and Regan, 2014; Sen et al., 2014; Garrido-Gimen...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 8, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Inconsistency in the Standard of Care –Toward Evidence-Based Management of Exertional Heat Stroke
Yuri Hosokawa, Takashi Nagata, Manabu Hasegawa
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 18, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
The Impact of Left Atrium Appendage Morphology on Stroke Risk Assessment in Atrial Fibrillation: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
Alessandro Masci, Lorenzo Barone, Luca Ded è, Marco Fedele, Corrado Tomasi, Alfio Quarteroni, Cristiana Corsi
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 22, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Motor Unit Properties of the First Dorsal Interosseous in Chronic Stroke Subjects: Concentric Needle and Single Fiber EMG Analysis
Bo Yao, Cliff S. Klein, Huijing Hu, Sheng Li, Ping Zhou
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - December 3, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
