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Guidance on the treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia when switching the antipsychotic is not an option
CONCLUSION: There are treatments available for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia in patients who are unable to alter their current antipsychotic regimen. However, there remains a need for additional short- and long-term studies to determine the efficacy and safety of these treatment strategies, given that patients taking antipsychotics typically require chronic, life-long treatment for their illnesses.PMID:33631819 | DOI:10.1093/ajhp/zxab065
Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP - February 25, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Matthew M Rusgis Afaq Y Alabbasi Leigh Anne Nelson Source Type: research

Mechanisms and Potential Roles of Glucose-Lowering Agents in COVID-19: A Review
CONCLUSIONS: Certain glucose-lowering agents may offer additional benefits beyond glucose control-namely, by modulating the mechanisms contributing to adverse outcomes related to COVID-19 in patients with diabetes. DPP-IV inhibitors and metformin appear to have the most promise. However, current published literature on diabetes medications and COVID-19 should be interpreted with caution. Most published studies are retrospective and consist of convenience samples, and some lack adequate analytical approaches with confounding biases. Ongoing trials aim to evaluate the effects of glucose-lowering agents in reducing the severi...
Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy - March 4, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Helen D Berlie Pramodini B Kale-Pradhan Tara Orzechowski Linda A Jaber Source Type: research

The Potential Role of Pancreatic γ‑Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in Diabetes Mellitus: A Critical Reappraisal
Conclusions: Pancreatic GABA improves islet cell function, glucose homeostasis, and autoimmunity in DM. Orally administered GABA is safe for humans, and acts on peripheral GABA receptors and represents a new therapeutic modality for both T1DM and T2DM. Besides, GABA ‑A receptor agonist like benzodiazepines improves pancreatic β‑cell function and insulin sensitivity through activation of GABA‑A receptors.
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - March 17, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for obese women with subfertility
CONCLUSIONS: Evidence is insufficient to support the use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for obese women with subfertility. No data are available for the comparison of pharmacological versus non-pharmacological strategies. We are uncertain whether pharmacological or non-pharmacological strategies effect live birth, ongoing pregnancy, adverse events, clinical pregnancy, quality of life, or mental heath outcomes. However, for obese women with subfertility, a lifestyle intervention may reduce BMI. Future studies should compare a combination of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions for obese women w...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 25, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Seyed Abdolvahab Taghavi Madelon van Wely Shayesteh Jahanfar Fatemeh Bazarganipour Source Type: research

Effects of continuous use of metformin on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes after acute myocardial infarction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusions: This study expects to provide credible and scientific evidence for the efficacy and safety of metformin on cardiovascular outcomes after AMI in patients with T2DM. Registration number: 10.17605/OSF.IO/S3MBP.
Source: Medicine - April 16, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Research Article: Study Protocol Systematic Review Source Type: research

The effects of myo-inositol vs. metformin on the ovarian function in the polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
CONCLUSIONS: Due to the dearth of related research and the high heterogeneity of the Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) included in other studies, the present systematic review could not establish any differences between metformin and myo-inositol concerning the hormonal profile and the ovarian function. However, the findings indicated that myo-inositol could improve fertility outcomes by modulating hyperandrogenism. Randomized trials are required to understand the mechanistic actions of myo-inositol in comparison with those of metformin regarding oocyte and embryo quality, fertilization, pregnancy, and live birth rates.PMI...
Source: Pharmacological Reviews - April 20, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: M Azizi Kutenaei S Hosseini Teshnizi P Ghaemmaghami F Eini N Roozbeh Source Type: research

Effects of anti-diabetic treatments in type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2021 Apr 22:1-16. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1917374. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIntroduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are significant non-communicable diseases that often affect individuals concurrently. In individuals with both T2DM and NAFLD, there is evidence that anti-diabetic therapies may demonstrate potential combined beneficial metabolic and reduced hepatic inflammatory effects.Areas covered: A PubMed and Google Scholar search was performed to find relevant literature. Included studies focused on individuals with T2DM and NAFLD rece...
Source: Pharmacological Reviews - April 22, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Elizabeth M Lamos Megan Kristan Maka Siamashvili Stephen N Davis Source Type: research

The effects of myo-inositol vs. metformin on the ovarian function in the polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
CONCLUSIONS: Due to the dearth of related research and the high heterogeneity of the Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) included in other studies, the present systematic review could not establish any differences between metformin and myo-inositol concerning the hormonal profile and the ovarian function. However, the findings indicated that myo-inositol could improve fertility outcomes by modulating hyperandrogenism. Randomized trials are required to understand the mechanistic actions of myo-inositol in comparison with those of metformin regarding oocyte and embryo quality, fertilization, pregnancy, and live birth rates.PMI...
Source: Pharmacological Reviews - April 20, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: M Azizi Kutenaei S Hosseini Teshnizi P Ghaemmaghami F Eini N Roozbeh Source Type: research

Effects of anti-diabetic treatments in type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2021 Apr 22:1-16. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1917374. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIntroduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are significant non-communicable diseases that often affect individuals concurrently. In individuals with both T2DM and NAFLD, there is evidence that anti-diabetic therapies may demonstrate potential combined beneficial metabolic and reduced hepatic inflammatory effects.Areas covered: A PubMed and Google Scholar search was performed to find relevant literature. Included studies focused on individuals with T2DM and NAFLD rece...
Source: Pharmacological Reviews - April 22, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Elizabeth M Lamos Megan Kristan Maka Siamashvili Stephen N Davis Source Type: research

Guidance on the treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia when switching the antipsychotic is not an option
CONCLUSION: There are treatments available for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia in patients who are unable to alter their current antipsychotic regimen. However, there remains a need for additional short- and long-term studies to determine the efficacy and safety of these treatment strategies, given that patients taking antipsychotics typically require chronic, life-long treatment for their illnesses.PMID:33954421 | DOI:10.1093/ajhp/zxab065
Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP - May 6, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Matthew M Rusgis Afaq Y Alabbasi Leigh Anne Nelson Source Type: research