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Infectious Disease: Tuberculosis

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Total 482 results found since Jan 2013.

Study identifies protein that helps prevent active tuberculosis in infected patients
A UCLA-led study has identified a protein that appears to play a key role in protecting people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis — the bacterium that causes tuberculosis — from developing the active form of the disease. The protein, interleukin-32, was discovered to be one biomarker of adequate host defense against TB. The discovery could help doctors identify people who are at the greatest risk for the highly contagious and potentially fatal lung disease, and it could point the way toward new treatment strategies for TB. The study, conducted in partnership with researchers from Harvard University School of Pu...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - August 20, 2014 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Hypersensitivity Reactions to Non‐Betalactam Antibiotics in Children: An Extensive Review
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology - September 9, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Semanur Kuyucu, Francesca Mori, Marina Atanaskovic‐Markovic, Jean‐Christoph Caubet, Ingrid Terreehorst, Eva Gomes, Knut Brockow Tags: Review Source Type: research

Unusual chest radiographic findings in children
A 9-year-old British Asian girl with asthma was referred by her general practitioner to outpatients with a 12-month history of dry cough and an abnormal chest radiograph. There was no history of recent travel, tuberculosis (TB) exposure or clinical features to suggest TB such as weight loss and night sweating. She received courses of antibiotics without improvement. She was fully immunised including BCG vaccine. She had chickenpox (varicella) infection aged 3 years. On assessment, she was found to have worsening nocturnal cough, frequent use of inhaled salbutamol, and dyspnoea, wheeze and cough on exertion. Systemic e...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - September 12, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Elemraid, M. A., Wacogne, I., Williams, H. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, Child health, Radiology, Asthma, Drugs: respiratory system, Clinical diagnostic tests, Radiology (diagnostics) Epilogue Source Type: research

Severe manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected children initiating antiretroviral therapy before 2 years of age
Conclusions Severe TB manifestations were observed among young HIV-infected children on ART.
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - October 12, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Walters, E., Duvenhage, J., Draper, H. R., Hesseling, A. C., Van Wyk, S. S., Cotton, M. F., Rabie, H. Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Meningitis, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Infection (neurology), Ophthalmology, Child health, Infant health, Sexual health Original article Source Type: research

An expert system for the diagnosis and management of oral ulcers
Publication date: April 2014 Source:Tanta Dental Journal, Volume 11, Issue 1 Author(s): Sh.A. Ali , H.I. Saudi The present research was conducted to introduce a Visual Basic expert system to help the postgraduate students in the diagnosis and treatment of the most common and rare oral ulcers. A total of sixty postgraduate students shared in the study. They received the system on a CD-ROM and asked to evaluate it using a printed questionnaire. The oral ulcerative conditions merged in the database included, aphthous ulcers, chancre, traumatic ulcers, histoplasmosis ulcers, acute herpetic ulcers, burns, herpangina, tubercul...
Source: Tanta Dental Journal - November 6, 2014 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research

Rhinovirus infection in young children is associated with elevated airway TSLP levels
Source: European Respiratory Journal - September 30, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Perez, G. F., Pancham, K., Huseni, S., Preciado, D., Freishtat, R. J., Colberg-Poley, A. M., Hoffman, E. P., Rose, M. C., Nino, G. Tags: Asthma and allergy, Respiratory infections and tuberculosis, Paediatric pulmonology Original Articles: Research letters Source Type: research

Rapid real-time PCR for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues: 16% of histological 'sarcoid' may contain such DNA
Conclusions IS6110 real-time PCR using easyMAG extracted DNA is a moderately sensitive, specific and rapid method for MTBC detection in FFPE material, but must be interpreted in the overall clinical context. PCR results can be available in around 5 h from FFPE specimen receipt, with minimal hands-on time.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - November 14, 2014 Category: Pathology Authors: Surat, G., Wallace, W. A., Laurenson, I. F., Seagar, A.-L. Tags: Immunology (including allergy) Original article Source Type: research

Prevalence and determinants of self-reported chronic bronchitis among women in rural Central India
Conclusions The present study provides an insight into the prevalence of chronic bronchitis among rural women exposed to several epidemiological determinants and an opportunity to address the modifiable risk factors.
Source: Medical Journal Armed Forces India - November 22, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: research

Update on the safety profile of certolizumab pegol in rheumatoid arthritis: an integrated analysis from clinical trials
Conclusions No new or unexpected safety signals associated with CZP emerged in this updated long-term safety analysis. While SIE rates were higher for CZP than for placebo in RCT, the rate decreased with continued exposure to CZP. These rates are consistent with data previously reported for CZP and other tumour necrosis factor inhibitors.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - December 4, 2014 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Bykerk, V. P., Cush, J., Winthrop, K., Calabrese, L., Lortholary, O., de Longueville, M., van Vollenhoven, R., Mariette, X. Tags: Open access, Immunology (including allergy), Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis, Epidemiology Clinical and epidemiological research Source Type: research

Imaging techniques reliably predict treatment outcomes for TB patients
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Two medical imaging techniques, called positron emission tomography and computed tomography, could be used in combination as a biomarker to predict the effectiveness of antibiotic drug regimens being tested to treat tuberculosis patients, according to researchers at NIAID, part of NIH. With multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis on the rise worldwide, new biomarkers are needed to determine whether a particular TB drug regimen is effective.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - December 4, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity in patients with inherited IFN-γR1 or IFN-γR2 deficiency
An understanding of protective immunity to mycobacterial infection is critical for the development of effective strategies to control tuberculosis (TB), a major public health problem worldwide. Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare condition characterized by clinical disease caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines and nontuberculous, environmental mycobacteria (OMIM209950).1 Patients are also susceptible to M tuberculosis.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - December 24, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Francesca Conti, Walmir Cutrim Aragão Filho, Carolina Prando, Caroline Deswarte, Marjorie Hubeau, Peter E. Newburger, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Jacinta Bustamante, Antonio Condino-Neto Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Chronic cough in childhood: Analysis of 505 cases
Conclusion: The most common etiologies of chronic cough in this study was asthma, alergic rhinitis, and viral-induced recurrent airway obstruction. This study showed that chronic cough may occur due to different etiologies in childhood.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Gedik, A. H., Cakir, E., Torun, E., Dogan Demir, A., Kucukkoc, M., Uzuner, S., Erenberk, U., Nursoy, M., Ozkaya, E. Tags: 1.6 General Practice and Primary Care Source Type: research

Safety and efficacy of baricitinib at 24 weeks in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response to methotrexate
Conclusions Baricitinib improved the signs and symptoms of RA in methotrexate inadequate responders with active disease. Baricitinib was well tolerated with no unexpected safety findings through week 24. Trial registration number NCT01185353.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - January 7, 2015 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Keystone, E. C., Taylor, P. C., Drescher, E., Schlichting, D. E., Beattie, S. D., Berclaz, P.-Y., Lee, C. H., Fidelus-Gort, R. K., Luchi, M. E., Rooney, T. P., Macias, W. L., Genovese, M. C. Tags: Open access, Immunology (including allergy), Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis Clinical and epidemiological research Source Type: research

Pharmacological treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory tract
Publication date: Available online 14 January 2015 Source:Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine Author(s): Bethan L. Barker , Chris Brightling Bacterial infection of the respiratory tract is amongst the commonest presentations to primary and secondary care. In addition to supportive care the mainstay of pharmacotherapy is antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory tract needs to consider patient factors such as age, co-morbidities, location, previous antibiotic use, microbiological results and allergy. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, partly a consequence of inappr...
Source: Anaesthesia and intensive care medicine - January 14, 2015 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research