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Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Ductile Targets in Disease
Discussion MDSCs violently emerge in pathological conditions in an attempt to limit potentially harmful immune and inflammatory responses. Mechanisms supporting their expansion and survival are deeply investigated in cancer, in the perspective to reactivate specific antitumor responses and prevent their contribution to disease evolution. These findings will likely contribute to improve the targeting of MDSCs in anticancer immunotherapies, either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. New evidence indicates that the expansion of myeloid cell differentiation in pathology is subject to fine-tuning, as its...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Hepatic Natural Killer Cells: Organ-Specific Sentinels of Liver Immune Homeostasis and Physiopathology
Joanna Mikulak1,2, Elena Bruni1,2, Ferdinando Oriolo1,2, Clara Di Vito1 and Domenico Mavilio1,2* 1Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy 2Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy The liver is considered a preferential tissue for NK cells residency. In humans, almost 50% of all intrahepatic lymphocytes are NK cells that are strongly imprinted in a liver-specific manner and show a broad spectrum of cellular heterogeneity. Hepatic NK (he-NK) cells play key roles in tuning liver immune response in b...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Emerging Epigenetic Role of CD8+T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review
The Emerging Epigenetic Role of CD8+T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review Qiancheng Deng1, Yangyang Luo1,2, Christopher Chang3, Haijing Wu1, Yan Ding4* and Rong Xiao1* 1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China 2Department of Dermatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China 3Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States 4Department of Dermatology, Hainan Provincial Dermatology Disease Hospital, Haikou, China A...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

NIH scientists illuminate causes of hepatitis b virus-associated acute liver failure
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) National Institutes of Health scientists and their collaborators found that hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated acute liver failure (ALF) -- a rare condition that can turn fatal within days without liver transplantation -- results from an uncommon encounter between a highly mutated HBV variant and an unusual immune response in the patient's liver that is mainly sustained by antibody-producing B cells.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - November 13, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

What determines treatment success and future perspectives?
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in most Asian countries due to the high prevalence of hepatitis B viral infection.1 Surgical resection and liver transplantation are regarded as the main curative treatments for HCC. Many patients, however, are not eligible for resection due to locally advanced tumour, underlying liver cirrhosis with suboptimal liver reserve or metastatic disease on presentation.1 Puppala et al2 concisely summarise the modern image-guided therapy options for patients with advanced HCC, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation, percutaneo...
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - February 25, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Yau, T., Chiu, J., Cheung, T. T. Tags: Liver disease, Immunology (including allergy), Hepatic cancer, Radiology, Clinical diagnostic tests, Gastrointestinal surgery, Surgical oncology, Transplantation Editorials Source Type: research