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Infectious Disease: Epidemics
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The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Development of COVID ‑19 Vaccine
Dear Editor, The coronavirus disease ‑2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic is a phenomenon that has infected and killed many people in many countries. Vaccination has been suggested as a good way to fight COVID‑19, and it is certainly important to design a safe and effective vaccine. In the healthcare system, artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as an effective tool. The use of AI in diagnosing various health conditions and interpreting complex medical issues is very significant. AI capabilities can be used as an effective tool to study SARS‑CoV‑2 and its capabilities, virulence, and genome. For example, machine learning...
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - September 19, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
A descriptive account of the nature and extent of transgender homicide in America, 2010 to 2021 - Lantz B, Faulkner L, M Mills J.
There is a growing acknowledgment of transgender homicide as a serious social and public health issue; indeed, the American Medical Association has even referred to violence against transgender people as an "epidemic." Addressing this issue, however, requi...
Source: SafetyLit - September 19, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Tags: Age: Adolescents Source Type: news
AltaPointe Health Recognizes Suicide Prevention Month by Shedding Light on a Dark Issue
In a world often bustling with the noise of daily life, there exists a silent epidemic that claims far too many lives each year—suicide. In the past 20 years, there has been a 32% increase in the rate of suicide deaths in the United States with more than 41,000 recorded deaths by suicide...
Source: PRWeb: Medical Pharmaceuticals - September 18, 2023 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: news
FGF21 and autophagy coordinately counteract kidney disease progression during aging and obesity
Autophagy. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2259282. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChronic kidney disease (CKD) has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, partly due to the increasing population of elderly and obesity. Macroautophagy/autophagy counteracts CKD progression, whereas autophagy is stagnated owing to lysosomal overburden during aging and obesity, which promotes CKD progression. Therefore, for preventing CKD progression during aging and obesity, it is important to elucidate the compensation mechanisms of autophagy stagnation. We recently showed that FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21), which is a prolonge...
Source: Autophagy - September 18, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Satoshi Minami Shinsuke Sakai Takeshi Yamamoto Yoshitsugu Takabatake Tomoko Namba-Hamano Atsushi Takahashi Jun Matsuda Hiroaki Yonishi Jun Nakamura Shihomi Maeda Sho Matsui Isao Matsui Yoshitaka Isaka Source Type: research
Prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the Gambian population: A narrative review of recent developments
This study reviewed the recent trends in the epidemiological characteristics of HBV in the Gambia. The researchers conducted an online literature search for primary studies on HBV prevalence published in the past two decades from Jan 1992 to Feb 2022 inclusive on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. All retrieved studies were assessed for eligibility according to specific inclusion/exclusion criteria, data completeness, and methodological coherence. We found that HBV infection prevalence is above 8% in The Gambia. Moreover, HBV is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Gambia. Liver cirrhosis and HCC hav...
Source: Cancer Control - September 18, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Muhammed Camara Marcarious M Tantuoyir SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi Fereshteh Ghiasvand Zahra Ahmadinejad Source Type: research
Echinococcus granulosus promotes bone resorption by increasing osteoclasts differentiation
This study elucidates the elementary mechanism of bone destruction in osseous CE and fills a gap in the field of basic osseous CE research, which is conducive to treating the disease.PMID:37722448 | DOI:10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107027
Source: Acta Tropica - September 18, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Haohao Sun Sibo Wang Wenbo Tan Ye Li Qian Ren Yaqing Liu Yiping Huang Chenhui Shi Jing Li Source Type: research
Genetic diversity and molecular evolution of Seoul virus in Hebei province, China
Infect Genet Evol. 2023 Sep 16;114:105503. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105503. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSeoul virus (SEOV) is a major pathogen which causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), and is present all over the world. However, there are currently few long-term systematic studies of SEOV's phylogenetic and evolutionary mechanisms in epidemic areas. Thus, in this study, we used RT-PCR combined with NGS to obtain the genomes of six SEOV viruses from 1993, as well as 56 Hebei province-specific tissue samples from 1999 to 2022. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the SEOV samples could be divided into seven...
Source: Infection, Genetics and Evolution - September 17, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Yamei Wei Yanan Cai Xu Han Zhanying Han Yanbo Zhang Yonggang Xu Qi Li Source Type: research
Evolution of Perioperative Pain Management in Shoulder Arthroplasty
Orthop Clin North Am. 2023 Oct;54(4):435-451. doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2023.04.004. Epub 2023 Jun 20.ABSTRACTHistorically, opioids have been used as a primary conservative treatment for pain related to glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA). However, this practice is concerning as it often leads to overuse, which has contributed to the current epidemic of addiction and overdoses in the United States. Studies have shown that preoperative opioid use is associated with higher complication rates and worse outcomes following surgery, particularly for shoulder arthroplasty. To address these concerns, perioperative pain management for shou...
Source: The Orthopedic Clinics of North America - September 17, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Vani Sabesan Hans Lapica Carlos Fernandez Clyde Fomunung Source Type: research
Genetic diversity and molecular evolution of Seoul virus in Hebei province, China
Infect Genet Evol. 2023 Sep 15:105503. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105503. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSeoul virus (SEOV) is a major pathogen which causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), and is present all over the world. However, there are currently few long-term systematic studies of SEOV's phylogenetic and evolutionary mechanisms in epidemic areas. Thus, in this study, we used RT-PCR combined with NGS to obtain the genomes of six SEOV viruses from 1993, as well as 56 Hebei province-specific tissue samples from 1999 to 2022. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the SEOV samples could be divided into seven gro...
Source: Infection, Genetics and Evolution - September 17, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Yamei Wei Yanan Cai Xu Han Zhanying Han Yanbo Zhang Yonggang Xu Qi Li Source Type: research
Examining the Influence of Imbalanced Social Contact Matrices in Epidemic Models
Am J Epidemiol. 2023 Sep 15:kwad185. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwad185. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTransmissible infections such as those caused by SARS-CoV-2 spread according to who contacts whom. Therefore, many epidemic models incorporate contact patterns through contact matrices. Contact matrices can be generated from social contact survey data. However, the resulting matrices are often imbalanced, such that the total number of contacts reported by group A with group B do not match those reported by group B with group A. We examine the theoretical influence of imbalanced contact matrices on the estimated basic reproduction n...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - September 16, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Mackenzie Hamilton Jesse Knight Sharmistha Mishra Source Type: research
Demographic and Geographic Characterization of Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Baltimore City, MD, March 2020 - March 2021
Am J Epidemiol. 2023 Sep 15:kwad186. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwad186. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEstimates of excess mortality can provide insight into direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic beyond deaths specifically attributed to COVID-19. We analyzed death certificate data from Baltimore City, Maryland from March 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021 and found that 1,725 individuals (95% confidence interval, 1,495-1,954) died in excess of what was expected from all-cause mortality trends in 2016-2019. 1,050 (61%) excess deaths were attributed to COVID-19. Observed mortality was 23-32% higher than expected among individual...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - September 16, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Kyle T Aune Kyra H Grantz Neia Prata Menezes Katherine O Robsky Emily S Gurley Melissa A Marx Darcy F Phelan-Emrick Source Type: research
