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Total 442 results found since Jan 2013.

High circulatory leptin mediated NOX-2-peroxynitrite-miR21 axis activate mesangial cells and promotes renal inflammatory pathology in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Publication date: July 2018 Source:Redox Biology, Volume 17 Author(s): Firas Alhasson, Ratanesh Kumar Seth, Sutapa Sarkar, Diana A. Kimono, Muayad S. Albadrani, Diptadip Dattaroy, Varun Chandrashekaran, Geoffrey I. Scott, Samir Raychoudhury, Mitzi Nagarkatti, Prakash Nagarkatti, Anna Mae Diehl, Saurabh Chatterjee High circulatory insulin and leptin followed by underlying inflammation are often ascribed to the ectopic manifestations in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but the exact molecular pathways remain unclear. We have shown previously that CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress and circulating leptin in NAFLD is a...
Source: Redox Biology - April 14, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research

ROS Modifiers and NOX4 Affect the Expression of the Survivin-Associated Radio-Adaptive Response.
Abstract The survivin-associated radio-adaptive response can be induced following exposure to ionizing radiation in the dose range from 5 to 100 mGy, and its magnitude of expression is dependent upon the TP53 mutational status of cells and ROS signaling. The purpose of the study was to investigate the potential role of ROS in the development of the survivin-associated adaptive response. Utilizing human colon carcinoma HCT116 TP53 wild type (WT) and HCT116 isogenic TP53 null mutant (Mut) cell cultures, the roles of inter- and intracellular ROS signaling on expression of the adaptive response as evidenced by changes...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 13, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Murley JS, Arbiser JL, Weichselbaum RR, Grdina DJ Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Nrf2 signaling and autophagy are complementary in protecting breast cancer cells during glucose deprivation.
In this study, we explored protective mechanisms in breast cancer cells in the setting of glucose deprivation. While breast cancer cells (MCF7 and T47D) survive in glucose-free medium for three days or more, autophagy is induced in this setting. Blocking autophagy pharmacologically with chloroquine or by knock-out of an essential autophagy gene, such as Beclin 1 or ATG7, markedly reduces the ability of cells to survive during glucose deprivation. Autophagy previously was shown to degrade p62, a protein that sequesters KEAP1, and KEAP1 in turn sequesters Nrf2, a master regulator of the antioxidant response. Hence, we invest...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 9, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Walker A, Singh A, Tully E, Woo J, Le A, Nguyen T, Biswal S, Sharma D, Gabrielson E Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

microRNA-136 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis and radiosensitivity of cervical carcinoma through the NF- κB pathway by targeting E2F1
Publication date: 15 April 2018 Source:Life Sciences, Volume 199 Author(s): Hong-Jie Lu, Pei-Ying Jin, Yao Tang, Shao-Hua Fan, Zi-Feng Zhang, Fang Wang, Dong-Mei Wu, Jun Lu, Yuan-Lin Zheng Aims Several microRNAs (miRs) are expressed aberrantly and associated with progression, tumorigenesis, and prognosis of haematological and solid tumors. The study aimed to identify the effects involved with microRNA-136 (miR-136) on the concurrent enhancement of proliferation, apoptosis and radiosensitivity of cervical carcinoma through the NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting E2F1. Main methods Totally 338 patients with cervical carci...
Source: Life Sciences - March 27, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Heme oxygenase-1 protects liver against ischemia/reperfusion injury via phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5-mediated mitochondrial quality control
Publication date: Available online 8 March 2018 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Jeong-Min Hong, Sun-Mee Lee Aims Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an endogenous cytoprotective enzyme, is reported that can be localized in mitochondria under stress, contributing to preserve mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial quality control (QC) is essential to cellular health and recovery linked with redox homeostasis. Recent studies reported that phosphoglycerate mutase family member (PGAM) 5, a mitochondria-resident phosphatase, plays critical role in mitochondrial homeostasis. Therefore, we aim to investigate cytoprotective mechanisms of HO-1...
Source: Life Sciences - March 8, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Silencing calreticulin gene might protect cardiomyocytes from angiotensin II-induced apoptosis
Publication date: 1 April 2018 Source:Life Sciences, Volume 198 Author(s): Wen Zhang, Zhiyue Liu, Yanmei Zhang, Qinxue Bao, Wenchao Wu, He Huang, Xiaojing Liu Aims Calreticulin (CRT), as a chaperone, contributes to protein folding and quality control cycle. CRT is an important factor regulating Ca2+ that participates in cell apoptosis. However, the function of CRT in the heart is still controversial. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential role of CRT in angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis. Main methods Primary cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes were stimulated with angiotensin II to induce the apoptosi...
Source: Life Sciences - March 3, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research

siRNA-mediated inhibition of skNAC and Smyd1 expression disrupts myofibril organization: Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy study in C2C12 cells
Publication date: May 2018 Source:Micron, Volume 108 Author(s): Janine Berkholz, Regina Eberle, Klaus Boller, Barbara Munz skNAC (skeletal and heart muscle-specific variant of nascent polypeptide-associated complex) and Smyd1 (SET and MYND domain-containing 1) form a protein dimer which is specific for striated muscle cells. Its function is largely unknown. On the one hand, skNAC-Smyd1 appears to control transcriptional processes in the nucleus, on the other hand, specifically at later stages of myogenic differentiation, both proteins translocate to the sarcoplasm and at least Smyd1 specifically associates with sarcomeric...
Source: Micron - March 1, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Hypoxia enhances H2O2-mediated upregulation of hepcidin: Evidence for NOX4-mediated iron regulation
Publication date: June 2018 Source:Redox Biology, Volume 16 Author(s): Inês Silva, Vanessa Rausch, Teresa Peccerella, Gunda Millonig, Helmut-Karl Seitz, Sebastian Mueller The exact regulation of the liver-secreted peptide hepcidin, the key regulator of systemic iron homeostasis, is still poorly understood. It is potently induced by iron, inflammation, cytokines or H2O2 but conflicting results have been reported on hypoxia. In our current study, we first show that pronounced (1%) and mild (5%) hypoxia strongly induces hepcidin in human Huh7 hepatoma and primary liver cells predominantly at the transcriptional level via ST...
Source: Redox Biology - February 20, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Age-Dependent Oxidation of Extracellular Cysteine/Cystine Redox State (Eh(Cys/CySS)) in Mouse Lung Fibroblasts is Mediated by a Decline in Slc7a11 Expression.
In conclusion, our study reveals Slc7a11 is the key regulator of age-dependent changes in extracellular Eh(Cys/CySS) in primary mouse lung fibroblasts, and its effects are not dependent on GSH synthesis. PMID: 29458149 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - February 16, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Zheng Y, Ritzenthaler JD, Burke TJ, Otero J, Roman J, Watson WH Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

In vitro study of FUZ as a novel potential therapeutic target in non-small-cell lung cancer
Publication date: Available online 6 February 2018 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Minwei He, Kangqi Li, Chuanfei Yu, Bingfeng Lv, Ning Zhao, Jinhai Deng, Lulu Cao, He Huang, Ang Yin, Taiping Shi, Lu Wang FUZ is regarded as a planar cell polarity effector that controls multiple cellular processes during vertebrate development. However, the role of FUZ in tumor biology remains poorly studied. Our purpose of this study is to discover the physiological effects and mechanism of FUZ in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in vitro. With the help of bioinformatics analysis, we noticed that the expression level of FUZ negatively c...
Source: Life Sciences - February 7, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Bowhead: Bayesian modelling of cell velocity during concerted cell migration
by Mathias Engel, James Longden, Jesper Ferkinghoff-Borg, Xavier Robin, Gaye Sa ğınç, Rune Linding Cell migration is a central biological process that requires fine coordination of molecular events in time and space. A deregulation of the migratory phenotype is also associated with pathological conditions including cancer where cell motility has a causal role in tumor spreading and metastasis f ormation. Thus cell migration is of critical and strategic importance across the complex disease spectrum as well as for the basic understanding of cell phenotype. Experimental studies of the migration of cells in monolayers are...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - January 8, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Mathias Engel Source Type: research

A PP2A-mediated feedback mechanism controls Ca2+-dependent NO synthesis under physiological oxygen Research
Intracellular O2 is a key regulator of NO signaling, yet most in vitro studies are conducted in atmospheric O2 levels, hyperoxic with respect to the physiologic milieu. We investigated NO signaling in endothelial cells cultured in physiologic (5%) O2 and stimulated with histamine or shear stress. Culture of cells in 5% O2 (>5 d) decreased histamine- but not shear stress–stimulated endothelial (e)NOS activity. Unlike cells adapted to a hypoxic environment (1% O2), those cultured in 5% O2 still mobilized sufficient Ca2+ to activate AMPK. Enhanced expression and membrane targeting of PP2A-C was observed in 5% O2, res...
Source: FASEB Journal - November 30, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Keeley, T. P., Siow, R. C. M., Jacob, R., Mann, G. E. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Knockdown of HIF-1 α inhibits the proliferation and migration of outer root sheath cells exposed to hypoxia in vitro: An involvement of Shh pathway
This study is performed to investigate whether hypoxia-induced elevation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, a transcriptional activator, contributes to the outgrowth of ORS cells in vitro. Main methods Hair follicles with intact ORS collected from 4-month old male American minks were cultured in normoxic or hypoxic condition (3% oxygen) for 7days. Primary ORS cells isolated from the mink hair follicles were exposed to hypoxia for 12, 24 or 48h, and their proliferation was analyzed with immunofluorescence assay using anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody. The migratory ability of ORS cells was detected...
Source: Life Sciences - November 27, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Nonsteroidal estrogen receptor isoform ‐selective biphenyls
Estrogen receptor (ER) has been a therapeutic target to treat ER‐positive breast cancer, most notably by agents known as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). However, resistance and severe adverse effects of known drugs gave impetus to the search for newer agents with better therapeutic profile. ERα and ERβ are two isoforms sharing 56% identity and having different physiological functions and expressions in various tissues. Only two residues differ in the active sites of the two isoforms motivating us to design isoform‐selective ligands. Guided by computational docking and molecular dynamics simulations, w...
Source: Chemical Biology and Drug Design - November 10, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Seema Bhatnagar, Anjali Soni, Swati Kaushik, Megha Rikhi, Thankayyan Retnabai Santhoshkumar, Bhyravabhotla Jayaram Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Non ‐steroidal Estrogen Receptor Isoform Selective Biphenyls
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Novel substituted biphenyl‐2,6‐diethanones are designed and synthesized targeting ERα isoform. MD simulations along with MM‐GBSA accounted for the binding selectivity of 3b towards ERα over ERβ. Co‐treatment and E‐screen studies indicated the ERα selective nature of 3b and anti‐estrogenicity. ERα siRNA silencing experiments further confirmed the isoform selectivity.
Source: Chemical Biology and Drug Design - October 20, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Seema Bhatnagar, Anjali Soni, Swati Kaushik, Megha Rikhi, T R Santhosh Kumar, B. Jayaram Tags: Research Article Source Type: research