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Antibiotic-Induced Disruption of Gut Microbiota Alters Local Metabolomes and Immune Responses
In conclusion, our study indicated that 3 weeks antibiotic administration induced elevated expression of many cytokines in mouse colon, suggesting that there might be a direct interaction between antibiotics and host tissue. Furthermore, different antibiotics used can lead to different effects on mouse models. Broad spectrum antibiotic enrofloxacin had a stronger effect on the cytokines response in the colon. Vancomycin can induce significant changes in composition and metabolic profiling of gut microbiota. Compared to enrofloxacin and vancomycin, polymixin B sulfate had a weakest effect. The differences observed in compos...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Altered Lipidome Composition Is Related to Markers of Monocyte and Immune Activation in Antiretroviral Therapy Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and in Uninfected Persons
Conclusions: The lipidome is altered in ART-treated HIV infection, and may contribute to inflammation and CVD progression. Detailed lipidomic analyses may better assess CVD risk in both HIV+ and HIV– individuals than does traditional lipid profiling. Introduction Both HIV infection and the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) contribute to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1, 2). Dyslipidemia is observed in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals, and is associated with reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and elevated total (TC) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Environmental Pollution: An Under-recognized Threat to Children’s Health, Especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Conclusions Patterns of disease are changing rapidly in LMICs. Pollution-related chronic diseases are becoming more common. This shift presents a particular problem for children, who are proportionately more heavily exposed than are adults to environmental pollutants and for whom these exposures are especially dangerous. Better quantification of environmental exposures and stepped-up efforts to understand how to prevent exposures that cause disease are needed in LMICs and around the globe. To confront the global problem of disease caused by pollution, improved programs of public health monitoring and environmental protecti...
Source: EHP Research - March 1, 2016 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Web Admin Tags: Brief Communication March 2016 Source Type: research

Distant site lipoatrophy: a rare complication of subcutaneous insulin therapy
Introduction Injection site lipodystrophy is not uncommon in insulin-treated patients with diabetes. In this era of human insulin and insulin analogues, lipoatrophy is far less common than lipohypertrophy, and distant site lipoatrophy is even rarer. The underlying pathophysiology of distant site lipoatrophy is largely undefined, and this disease is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the treating physicians. Case history A 60-year-old woman (BMI 32 kg/m2) with a 25-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with a depression in her interscapular region that had been present for 3 months and was caus...
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - December 16, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Chakraborty, P. P., Biswas, S. N. Tags: Sexual transmitted infections (viral), Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Diet, Radiology, Dermatology, Surgical diagnostic tests, General surgery, Diabetes, Metabolic disorders Images in medicine Source Type: research