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The Differentiation in vitro of Human Tonsil B Cells With the Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics of T-bet+ Atypical Memory B Cells in Malaria
This study was conducted in the rural village of Kalifabougou, Mali where intense P. falciparum transmission occurs from June to December each year. Isolation of Tonsil B Cells Tonsils were mechanically disrupted in complete RPMI (RPMI 1640 with L-glutamine supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 1% MEM nonessential amino acids, 50 μM 2-mercaptoethanol, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, and 25 mM HEPES, pH 7.2–7.5 [all from GIBCO, Invitrogen]) and passed through a 70-μm cell strainer to make a single cell suspension. B cells were then negatively selecte...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Surface (S) Layer Proteins of Lactobacillus acidophilus Block Virus Infection via DC-SIGN Interaction
We describe the unexpected binding of S-layer to cells devoid of DC-SIGN but also confirm that the presence of DC-SIGN was essential for S-layer’s antiviral activity. S-layer protein exerted its antiviral effect with different kinetics than mannan, a known viral inhibitor that also acts on DC-SIGN (Yu et al., 2017). Together our results suggest that inhibition of viral entry by S-layer occurs via a novel S-layer/DC-SIGN interaction. Materials and Methods Isolation of S-Layer Proteins S-layer proteins were extracted from overnight cultures of L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 cells grown in MRS medium at 37°C by usi...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

P38 and JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Interact With Chikungunya Virus Non-structural Protein-2 and Regulate TNF Induction During Viral Infection in Macrophages
This study has been funded by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India, vide grant no 37 (1542)/12/EMR-II and Department of Science and Technology (DST-SERB), New Delhi, India, vide grant no EMR/2016/000854. It was also supported by Institute of life sciences, Bhubaneswar, under Department of Biotechnology and National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, under Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India. Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships th...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 11, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Dietary Vitamin D3 Deficiency Increases Resistance to Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis Infection in Mice
Conclusion Altogether, our results indicate that dietary VitD deficiency is able to decrease lesion growth and provide an increase in Th1 response in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice upon L. (L.) amazonensis infection, although it does not decrease parasite burden in either of the murine models used. Thus, VitD may contribute to host susceptibility to murine tegumentary leishmaniasis. Further studies on the influence of immunonutrition in the leishmaniases are needed to better understand the immunobiology of these diseases. Author Contributions HdMG conceived and designed the experiments. GO-S, DB, MM, JEP, JCP, TR, AdF-M, and L...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 9, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research