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Cerebral venous thrombosis in patients with autoimmune disease, hematonosis or coronavirus disease 2019: Many familiar faces and some strangers
CONCLUSION: A systematic understanding of particular risk factors that should not be neglected when unconventional cerebral venous thrombosis occurs and for a scientific understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical diagnosis, and treatment, thus contributing to knowledge on special types of venous stroke.PMID:37365966 | DOI:10.1111/cns.14321
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - June 27, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yifan Zhou Huimin Jiang Huimin Wei Xuechun Xiao Lu Liu Xunming Ji Chen Zhou Source Type: research

Advances in Management of the Stroke Etiology One-Percenters
AbstractPurpose of ReviewUncommon causes of stroke merit specific attention; when clinicians have less common etiologies of stoke in mind, the diagnosis may come more easily. This is key, as optimal management will in many cases differs significantly from “standard” care.Recent FindingsRandomized controlled trials (RCT) on the best medical therapy in the treatment of cervical artery dissection (CeAD) have demonstrated low rates of ischemia with both antiplatelet and vitamin K antagonism. RCT evidence supports the use of anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonism in “high-risk” patients with antiphospholipid antibody...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - May 29, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Evidence of Coronavirus (CoV) Pathogenesis and Emerging Pathogen SARS-CoV-2 in the Nervous System: A Review on Neurological Impairments and Manifestations
AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an issue of global significance that has taken the lives of many across the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for its pathogenesis. The pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 have been well described in the literature. Initially, it was thought to be limited to the respiratory system; however, we now recognize that COVID-19 also affects several other organs, including the nervous system. Two similar human coronaviruses (CoV) that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle East respirator...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - November 1, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neurologic Manifestations of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome — an Update
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn recent years, the spectrum of neurological manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has been growing. We provide a critical review of the literature with special emphasis on presentation, proposed mechanisms of disease, and treatment of neurological involvement in APS.Recent FindingsAlthough stroke is the most common cause of neurological manifestations in patients with APS, other neurological disorders have been increasingly associated with the disease, including cognitive dysfunction, headache, and epilepsy. Direct oral anticoagulants have failed to show non-inferiority compared to vi...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 14, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of COVID-19 Explained by SARS-CoV-2 Proteins ’ Mimicry of Human Protein Interactions
Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2-human protein interactions may lead to the development of delirium, psychosis, seizures, encephalitis, stroke, sensory impairments, peripheral nerve diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Our findings are also supported by the previous in vivo and in vitro studies from other viruses. Further in vivo and in vitro studies using the proteins that are pointed here, could pave new targets both for avoiding and reversing neuropsychiatric presentations.
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 23, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The potential role of microvascular pathology in the neurological manifestations of coronavirus infection
We present the hypothesis that pre-existing vascular damage (due to aging, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension or other conditions) facilitates infiltration of the virus into the central nervous system (CNS), increasing neuro-inflammation and the likelihood o f neurological symptoms. We also discuss the role of a neuroinflammatory cytokine profile in both blood–brain barrier dysfunction and macrovascular disease (e.g. ischemic stroke and thromboembolism). Future studies are needed to better understand the involvement of the microvasculature in coronavi rus neuropathology, and to test the diagnostic potential o...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - September 9, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research