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Specialty: Respiratory Medicine
Condition: Hypertension

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Total 342 results found since Jan 2013.

The sympathetic nervous system and catecholamines metabolism in obstructive sleep apnoea.
Authors: Bisogni V, Pengo MF, Maiolino G, Rossi GP Abstract Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the most common sleep disorder of breathing in middle-aged and overweight subjects. It features recurrent episodes of upper airway total (apnoea) o partial (hypopnea) collapse during sleep, which are associated with a reduction in blood oxygen saturation and with arousal from sleep to re-establish airway patency. An association of OSA with dysregulation of the autonomous nervous system (ANS) and altered catecholamines (CAs) metabolism has been contended for years. However, the pathophysiology mechanisms underlying these al...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Disease - February 25, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: J Thorac Dis Source Type: research

Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: the epidemiological, biomedical and clinical evidence.
Authors: Du Y, Xu X, Chu M, Guo Y, Wang J Abstract Air pollution is now becoming an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Numerous epidemiological, biomedical and clinical studies indicate that ambient particulate matter (PM) in air pollution is strongly associated with increased cardiovascular disease such as myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrhythmias, ischemic stroke, vascular dysfunction, hypertension and atherosclerosis. The molecular mechanisms for PM-caused cardiovascular disease include directly toxicity to cardiovascular system or indirectly injury by inducing systemic inf...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Disease - February 25, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: J Thorac Dis Source Type: research

Rat models of cardiometabolic diseases: baseline clinical chemistries, and rationale for their use in examining air pollution health effects.
Authors: Kodavanti UP, Russell JC, Costa DL Abstract Individuals with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (CVD) are shown to be more susceptible to adverse health effects of pollutants. Rodent models of CVD are used for examining susceptibility variations. CVD models developed by selective inbreeding are shown to represent the etiology of human disease and metabolic dysfunction. The goal of this article was to review the origin and the pathobiological features of rat models of varying CVD with or without metabolic syndrome and healthy laboratory rat strains to allow better interpretation of the data regarding the...
Source: Inhalation Toxicology - February 18, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: Inhal Toxicol Source Type: research

Atrial fibrillation and sleep-disordered breathing.
Authors: Lavergne F, Morin L, Armitstead J, Benjafield A, Richards G, Woehrle H Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common supraventricular arrhythmia that increases in prevalence with increasing age and in the presence of comorbidities such as heart failure (HF). AF increases the risk of a number of serious complications, including stroke and HF. As a result, the rate of hospitalization is high, making AF a costly disease. Treatment strategies for AF are broadly based around rate and rhythm control, either pharmacological or mechanical. There appear to be a number of links between sleep-disordered breathing (SD...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Disease - January 24, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: J Thorac Dis Source Type: research

Prevalence of carotid artery stenosis in Chinese patients with angina pectoris.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CAS was not rare in China when compared with that in western countries, and the presence of CAS was weakly correlated with the extent of CAD. Screening for CAS should be recommended in Chinese patients with CAD, especially in those with one or more CAS-associated risk factors. PMID: 26793351 [PubMed]
Source: Journal of Thoracic Disease - January 24, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: J Thorac Dis Source Type: research

The effect of sex and age on the comorbidity burden of OSA: an observational analysis from a large nationwide US health claims database.
Abstract Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent condition but studies exploring the burden of OSA-associated comorbidities have been limited by small sample sizes with underrepresentation of women.We queried the Truven Health MarketScan Research Databases 2003-2012, which is a collection of health insurance claims for working adults and retirees with employer-sponsored health insurance. Adults with a diagnostic code for OSA with at least 12 months of follow-up from the index date of OSA diagnosis were compared to a matched random sample. Comorbidities were assessed using International Classificatio...
Source: Respiratory Care - January 21, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Mokhlesi B, Ham SA, Gozal D Tags: Eur Respir J Source Type: research

Thromboembolic and hemorrhagic risk stratification in patients with atrial fibrillation. Part I: the thromboembolic risk.
Authors: Abrignani MG, Colivicchi F Abstract Atrial fibrillation, whose prevalence is in constant increase, is associated to a noticeably greater thrombo-embolic risk. Various associated factors, such as older age, arterial hypertension, heart failure, previous cerebrovascular events (stroke and transient ischemic attacks), diabetes mellitus, female sex and vascular diseases determine a further increase of the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Robust evidence exists on the efficacy of traditional anticoagulant oral therapy in the prevention of thrombo-embolic risk in these patients, but fears and...
Source: Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease - December 21, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: Monaldi Arch Chest Dis Source Type: research

Intrauterine endotoxin-induced impairs pulmonary vascular function and right ventricular performance in infant rats and improvement with early vitamin D therapy
High pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), proximal pulmonary artery (PA) impedance, and right ventricular (RV) afterload due to remodeling contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Intra-amniotic exposure to endotoxin (ETX) causes sustained PH and high mortality in rat pups at birth, which are associated with impaired vascular growth and RV hypertrophy in survivors. Treatment of ETX-exposed pups with antenatal vitamin D (vit D) improves survival and lung growth, but the effects of ETX exposure on RV-PA coupling in the neonatal lung are unknown. We hypothesized that intrauterine ETX impairs...
Source: AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - December 15, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Mandell, E., Powers, K. N., Harral, J. W., Seedorf, G. J., Hunter, K. S., Abman, S. H., Dodson, R. B. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research

Red blood cell distribution width and cardiovascular diseases.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the role of anisocytosis in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases remains uncertain, the considerable evidence available so far suggests that the clinical use of RDW may be broadened beyond the conventional boundaries of erythrocyte disorders, in particular for assisting the diagnosis and prognostication of patients with ACS, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, PAD, HF and AF. PMID: 26623117 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Thoracic Disease - December 4, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: J Thorac Dis Source Type: research

Severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with COPD
Conclusion: Severity and intensity of coronary atherosclerosis increases in accordance with increases in the GOLD grades for COPD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: The Clinical Respiratory Journal - November 25, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Neşe Dursunoglu, Dursun Dursunoglu, Ali İhsan Yıldız, Burcu Uludag, Zahide Namlı Alaçam, Ahmet Sarıçopur Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Left ventricular systolic torsion is correlated to right ventricular dilation in pulmonary hypertension patients
Conclusion: We concluded that left ventricular torsion which plays a key role in left ventricular systolic function and stroke volume is affected in PH patients with MPAP higher than 35 mmHg and is correlated to right ventricular dilation.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 30, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lamia, B., Molano, L. C., Cuvelier, A., Viacroze, C., Muir, J.-F. Tags: 4.3 Pulmonary Circulation and Pulmonary Vascular Disease Source Type: research

Apelin improves cardiac output in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Conclusion: Acute apelin administration in patients with PAH led to an improvement in cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance. APJ agonism may be a useful therapeutic target for treatment of PAH.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 30, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Brash, L., Barnes, G., Brewis, M., Church, C., Gibbs, S., Howard, L., Johnson, M., McGlinchey, N., Simpson, J., Stirrat, C., Thomson, S., Watson, G., Welsh, D., Wilkins, M., Newby, D., Peacock, A. Tags: 4.3 Pulmonary Circulation and Pulmonary Vascular Disease Source Type: research

Left ventricular-arterial coupling and cardiac remodeling in patients with idiopathic arterial pulmonary hypertension
Conclusions: The reduction of LVAC as the key feature of right heart remodeling was observed in patients with IPAH with dilated RV and decreased right ventricular ejection fraction.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 30, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dadacheva, Z., Belevskaya, A., Saidova, M., Martynyuk, T., Chazova, I. Tags: 4.3 Pulmonary Circulation and Pulmonary Vascular Disease Source Type: research

Unemployment in COPD: Results from the BOLD study
Conclusion: There was substantial variation in employment of COPD-patients, but the overall effect of COPD on unemployment was modest when we adjusted for geography, demographic factors and comorbidities.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 30, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Gronseth, R., Erdal, M., Tan, W. C., Gislason, T., Juvekar, S. K., Salvi, S., Koul, P. A., Hafizi, H., Vollmer, W. M., Studnicka, M., Obaseki, D., Buist, A. S., Johannessen, A. Tags: 6.1 Epidemiology Source Type: research

Phenotyping comorbidity in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Conclusion: Five distinct phenotypes of OSAS and its comorbidities were identified. Mapping the heterogeneity of OSAS may help identify at-risk groups early; Finally, determining predictors of comorbidity for the moderate and severe strata of these phenotypes implies a need to evaluate these factors when considering treatment options.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 30, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Vavougios, G., Natsios, G., Pastaka, C., Zarogiannis, S., Gourgoulianis, K. Tags: 4.2 Sleep and Control of Breathing Source Type: research