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Different effects of arginine vasopressin on high ‐mobility group box 1 expression in astrocytes isolated from stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats and congenic SHRpch1_18 rats
Summary Stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP/Izm) develop severe hypertension and astrocytic oedema following ischaemic stimulation. During ischaemic stress high‐mobility group box 1 (Hmgb1) expression in astrocytes is induced, and subsequently potentiates deterioration of the brain due to ischaemic injury, which manifests as both cerebral inflammation and astrocytic oedema. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) induces brain injury and increases astrocytic swelling. After stroke, Hmgb1 and peroxiredoxin (Prx) are released at different times and activate macrophages in the brain via Toll‐like receptors (Tlr2s). T...
Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology - April 28, 2016 Category: Pathology Authors: Kazuo Yamagata, Natumi Sone, Sari Suguyama, Toru Nabika Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Different effects of arginine vasopressin on high‐mobility group box 1 expression in astrocytes isolated from stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats and congenic SHRpch1_18 rats
Summary Stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP/Izm) develop severe hypertension and astrocytic oedema following ischaemic stimulation. During ischaemic stress high‐mobility group box 1 (Hmgb1) expression in astrocytes is induced, and subsequently potentiates deterioration of the brain due to ischaemic injury, which manifests as both cerebral inflammation and astrocytic oedema. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) induces brain injury and increases astrocytic swelling. After stroke, Hmgb1 and peroxiredoxin (Prx) are released at different times and activate macrophages in the brain via Toll‐like receptors (Tlr2s). T...
Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology - April 28, 2016 Category: Pathology Authors: Kazuo Yamagata, Natumi Sone, Sari Suguyama, Toru Nabika Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Nitroxide antioxidant as a potential strategy to attenuate the oxidative/nitrosative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide plus nitric oxide in cultured neurons
In conclusion, these results suggest that TEMPO ensures excellent ROS/RNS clearance and stress-signaling inhibition, thus effectively rescuing neurons from ROS/H2O2 plus NO/SNAP-induced insult. This study reveals a potential strategy for nitroxide antioxidants as a therapeutic agent against oxidative/nitrosative neurotoxicity.
Source: Nitric Oxide - February 16, 2016 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Oxygen glucose deprivation-induced astrocyte dysfunction provokes neuronal death through oxidative stress
Publication date: September 2014 Source:Pharmacological Research, Volume 87 Author(s): Elsa Gouix , Alain Buisson , André Nieoullon , Lydia Kerkerian-Le Goff , Joseph S. Tauskela , Nicolas Blondeau , Laurence Had-Aissouni Understanding the role of astrocytes in stroke is assuming increasing prominence, not only as an important component on its own within the neurovascular unit, but also because astrocytes can influence neuronal outcome. Ischemia may induce astrogliosis and other phenotypic changes, but these remain poorly understood, in part due to limitations in reproducing these changes in vitro. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP-...
Source: Pharmacological Research - November 6, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Glutamate transporters in brain ischemia: to modulate or not?
Abstract In this review, we briefly describe glutamate (Glu) metabolism and its specific transports and receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). Thereafter, we focus on excitatory amino acid transporters, cystine/glutamate antiporters (system xc-) and vesicular glutamate transporters, specifically addressing their location and roles in CNS and the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Glu transporters. We provide evidence from in vitro or in vivo studies concerning alterations in Glu transporter expression in response to hypoxia or ischemia, including limited human data that supports the role of ...
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - March 31, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Krzyżanowska W, Pomierny B, Filip M, Pera J Tags: Acta Pharmacol Sin Source Type: research

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 contributes to N-acetylcysteine's protection in stroke.
Abstract Stroke is a leading cause of adult morbidity and mortality with very limited treatment options. Evidence from pre-clinical models of ischemic stroke has demonstrated that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) effectively protects the brain from ischemic injury. Here, we evaluated a new pathway through which NAC exerted its neuroprotection in a transient cerebral ischemia animal model. Our results demonstrated that pre-treatment of NAC increased protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), the regulatable subunit of HIF-1, and its target proteins erythropoietin (EPO) and glucose transporter (...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - November 29, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Zhang Z, Yan J, Taheri S, Liu J, Shi H Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

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