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Glutamate transporters in brain ischemia: to modulate or not?
Abstract In this review, we briefly describe glutamate (Glu) metabolism and its specific transports and receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). Thereafter, we focus on excitatory amino acid transporters, cystine/glutamate antiporters (system xc-) and vesicular glutamate transporters, specifically addressing their location and roles in CNS and the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Glu transporters. We provide evidence from in vitro or in vivo studies concerning alterations in Glu transporter expression in response to hypoxia or ischemia, including limited human data that supports the role of ...
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - March 31, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Krzyżanowska W, Pomierny B, Filip M, Pera J Tags: Acta Pharmacol Sin Source Type: research

Oxygen glucose deprivation-induced astrocyte dysfunction provokes neuronal death through oxidative stress
Publication date: September 2014 Source:Pharmacological Research, Volume 87 Author(s): Elsa Gouix , Alain Buisson , André Nieoullon , Lydia Kerkerian-Le Goff , Joseph S. Tauskela , Nicolas Blondeau , Laurence Had-Aissouni Understanding the role of astrocytes in stroke is assuming increasing prominence, not only as an important component on its own within the neurovascular unit, but also because astrocytes can influence neuronal outcome. Ischemia may induce astrogliosis and other phenotypic changes, but these remain poorly understood, in part due to limitations in reproducing these changes in vitro. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP-...
Source: Pharmacological Research - November 6, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Nitroxide antioxidant as a potential strategy to attenuate the oxidative/nitrosative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide plus nitric oxide in cultured neurons
In conclusion, these results suggest that TEMPO ensures excellent ROS/RNS clearance and stress-signaling inhibition, thus effectively rescuing neurons from ROS/H2O2 plus NO/SNAP-induced insult. This study reveals a potential strategy for nitroxide antioxidants as a therapeutic agent against oxidative/nitrosative neurotoxicity.
Source: Nitric Oxide - February 16, 2016 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Oral Cannabidiol Prevents Allodynia and Neurological Dysfunctions in a Mouse Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Conclusion In conclusion, our data demonstrate that mTBI causes late sensorial affective/cognitive deficiencies linked to altered neurotransmitter release at cortical level. Moreover, we showed that chronic CBD treatment reduces behavioral dysfunctions by restoring at least in part cortical biochemical processes. Taken together, our results suggest that CBD could represent a novel approach for the management of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with TBI. Author Contributions CB, LL, and RR conceived and designed the experiments. CB, MI, SB, FR, RI, and RM performed the experiments. GP, LS, SP, RR, LL, and IM analyze...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Apelin-13 Suppresses Neuroinflammation Against Cognitive Deficit in a Streptozotocin-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer ’s Disease Through Activation of BDNF-TrkB Signaling Pathway
Conclusion The data in this manuscript demonstrates that apelin-13 upregulates BDNF against STZ-induced congnitive impairment by suppressing glial cell activity and inflammatory factors release. This suggests apelin signaling may be a new target in the treatment of AD. Ethics Statement All experimental protocols were carried out according to the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals approved by the Central South University at XiangYa Animal Care and Use Committee. Author Contributions XqQ and LH conceived the study and contributed to its experimental design. HqL carried out the...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Evidence for a Beneficial Effect of Oral N-acetylcysteine on Functional Outcomes and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Source: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment - May 17, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Source Type: research

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