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Specialty: Neuroscience
Condition: Epilepsy

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Total 161 results found since Jan 2013.

Reactive Astrocytes, Astrocyte Intermediate Filament Proteins, and Their Role in the Disease Pathogenesis
Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis are seen in many neuropathologies, e.g., neurotrauma, stroke, epilepsy, or neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocyte activation alters gene expression and leads to morphological and functional changes in astrocytes with important functional consequences for the central nervous system (Eddleston and Mucke, Neuroscience 54:15-36, 1993; Eng and Ghirnikar, Brain Pathol 4:229-237, 1994; Hernandez et al., Glia 38:45-64, 2002; Pekny and Nilsson, Glia 50:427-434, 2005; Wilhelmsson et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:17513-17518, 2006; Sofroniew, Trends Neurosci 32:638-647, 2009; Sofroniew and...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Neuroscience - January 11, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: news

4. ICU EEG study
This study suggests that long-term EEG monitoring in an unselected ICU population rarely influences treatment or outcome. In a selected population with known epilepsy the benefit may be larger.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - May 18, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Omar Khan, Christina Azevedo, Justin Montanye, Juan Gonzalez, Syed Arshad, Mark Natola, Stephen Surgenor, Richard Morse, Richard Nordgren, Krzysztof Bujarski, Gregory Holmes, Barbara Jobst, Vijay Thadani Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 162. The effects of direct current stimulation on motor cortex excitability in children and adolescents
Conclusion: Our study will provide new insight into the principles of tDCS stimulation and its therapeutic value in treatment of childhood neurological and psychiatric disorders. This may further refine the effective use of tDCS in pediatric population.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: V. Moliadze, T. Schmanke, S. Bassüner, C. Freitag, M. Siniatchkin Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 194. The EEG correlates of the TMS induced EMG silent period in humans
Application of magnetic or electrical stimulation to the motor cortex can result in a period of electromyography (EMG) silence in a tonically active peripheral muscle. This period of EMG silence is referred to as the silent period (SP). The duration of SP shows intersubject variability and reflects the integrity of the cortical and corticospinal pathways. A non-invasive technique for assessing the duration of SP is the combination of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) with EMG. Utilizing TMS-EMG, several studies have reported on the shortening or lengthening of SP in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, b...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: F. Farzan, M.S. Barr, S. Hoppenbrouwers, P.B. Fitzgerald, R. Chen, A. Pascual-Leone, Z.J. Daskalakis Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

Isolated Aphasic Status Epilepticus as Initial Presentation of Nonketotic Hyperglycemia.
We report a rare case of NKH presenting initially as persistent and isolated aphasic status epilepticus. Brain magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any focal lesion, but ictal electroencephalography (EEG) disclosed left frontotemporal continuous theta to delta waves, intermingled with epileptiform discharges. Correcting the hyperglycemia failed to improve the language disorder, and the seizure was controlled only by the addition of carbamazepine. Patients with NKH may initially present with isolated aphasic status epilepticus. Unlike stroke-related aphasia, accurate diagnosis is difficult if based solely on neurologic...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - September 4, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Huang LC, Ruge D, Tsai CL, Wu MN, Hsu CY, Lai CL, Liou LM Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: research

P 162. The effects of direct current stimulation on motor cortex excitability in children and adolescents
Conclusion: Our study will provide new insight into the principles of tDCS stimulation and its therapeutic value in treatment of childhood neurological and psychiatric disorders. This may further refine the effective use of tDCS in pediatric population.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: V. Moliadze, T. Schmanke, S. Bassüner, C. Freitag, M. Siniatchkin Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 194. The EEG correlates of the TMS induced EMG silent period in humans
Application of magnetic or electrical stimulation to the motor cortex can result in a period of electromyography (EMG) silence in a tonically active peripheral muscle. This period of EMG silence is referred to as the silent period (SP). The duration of SP shows intersubject variability and reflects the integrity of the cortical and corticospinal pathways. A non-invasive technique for assessing the duration of SP is the combination of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) with EMG. Utilizing TMS-EMG, several studies have reported on the shortening or lengthening of SP in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, b...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: F. Farzan, M.S. Barr, S. Hoppenbrouwers, P.B. Fitzgerald, R. Chen, A. Pascual-Leone, Z.J. Daskalakis Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

Postnatal development of the molecular complex underlying astrocyte polarization.
Abstract Astrocytes are highly polarised cells with processes that ensheath microvessels, cover the brain surface, and abut synapses. The endfoot membrane domains facing microvessels and pia are enriched with aquaporin-4 water channels (AQP4) and other members of the dystrophin associated protein complex (DAPC). Several lines of evidence show that loss of astrocyte polarization, defined by the loss of proteins that are normally enriched in astrocyte endfeet, is a common denominator of several neurological diseases such as mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. Little is known about the mec...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - April 29, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lunde LK, Camassa LM, Hoddevik EH, Khan FH, Ottersen OP, Boldt HB, Amiry-Moghaddam M Tags: Brain Struct Funct Source Type: research

Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Protocols
Transcranial magnetic stimulation applied in a paired-pulse sequence (ppTMS) provides a noninvasive method to evaluate the excitability of corticocortical connections. It is most commonly used to interrogate motor cortical pathways, but literature has also demonstrated its applicability in non-motor cortical regions. Commonly used protocols include short-interval intracortical inhibition, long-interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, and short-interval intracortical facilitation. The similarities among these protocols allow for the implementation of multiple measures within a given study. This provide...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Neuroscience - May 22, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: news

σ-1 Receptor Inhibition of ASIC1a Channels is Dependent on a Pertussis Toxin-Sensitive G-Protein and an AKAP150/Calcineurin Complex.
Abstract ASIC1a channels play a major role in various pathophysiological conditions including depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and neurodegeneration following ischemic stroke. Sigma-1 (σ-1) receptor stimulation depresses the activity of ASIC1a channels in cortical neurons, but the mechanism(s) by which σ-1 receptors exert their influence on ASIC1a remains unknown. Experiments were undertaken to elucidate the signaling cascade linking σ-1 receptors to ASIC1a channels. Immunohistochemical studies showed that σ-1 receptors, ASIC1a and A-kinase anchoring peptide 150 colocalize in the plasma membrane of the cell body...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 13, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mari Y, Katnik C, Cuevas J Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Reduced expression of IA channels is associated with postischemic seizures in hyperglycemic rats
Poststroke seizures are considered to be the major cause of epilepsy in the elderly. The mechanisms of poststroke seizures remain unclear. A history of diabetes mellitus has been identified as an independent predictor of acute poststroke seizures in stroke patients. The present study sought to reveal the mechanisms for the development of postischemic seizures under hyperglycemic conditions. Transient forebrain ischemia was produced in adult Wistar rats by using the four‐vessel occlusion method. At the normal blood glucose level, seizures occurred in ∼50% of rats after 25 min of ischemia. However, in rats with hyperglyc...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - July 4, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhigang Lei, Hui Zhang, Yanling Liang, Qiliang Cui, Zhiqiang Xu, Zao C. Xu Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Erythropoietin attenuates loss of potassium chloride co-transporters following prenatal brain injury
Publication date: July 2014 Source:Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Volume 61 Author(s): L.L. Jantzie , P.M. Getsy , D.J. Firl , C.G. Wilson , R.H. Miller , S. Robinson Therapeutic agents that restore the inhibitory actions of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) by modulating intracellular chloride concentrations will provide novel avenues to treat stroke, chronic pain, epilepsy, autism, and neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders. During development, upregulation of the potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2, and the resultant switch from excitatory to inhibitory responses to GABA guide the formation of essential inhibit...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - November 3, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Resting-state sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) power predicts the ability to up-regulate SMR in an EEG-instrumental conditioning paradigm
During instrumental conditioning of EEG activity (EEG-IC), participants receive feedback of a specific aspect of their brain signals (Lubar et al., 1995), e.g. feedback on the power of a certain frequency band. Desired patterns of EEG activity are rewarded by visual or auditory stimuli, thus enabling participants to modulate their brain activity by means of instrumental conditioning. EEG-IC training has been used to treat patients with disorders such as epilepsy (Sterman and Egner, 2006), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Arns et al., 2009) and stroke (Doppelmayr et al., 2007), as well as in healthy participants (H...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - February 6, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Johanna Louise Reichert, Silvia Erika Kober, Christa Neuper, Guilherme Wood Source Type: research

Wikipedia and neurological disorders
Publication date: July 2015 Source:Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, Volume 22, Issue 7 Author(s): Francesco Brigo , Stanley C. Igwe , Raffaele Nardone , Piergiorgio Lochner , Frediano Tezzon , Willem M. Otte Our aim was to evaluate Wikipedia page visits in relation to the most common neurological disorders by determining which factors are related to peaks in Wikipedia searches for these conditions. Millions of people worldwide use the internet daily as a source of health information. Wikipedia is a popular free online encyclopedia used by patients and physicians to search for health-related information. The following Wi...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - May 31, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Deep brain stimulation for chronic pain
Publication date: Available online 26 June 2015 Source:Journal of Clinical Neuroscience Author(s): Sandra G.J. Boccard , Erlick A.C. Pereira , Tipu Z. Aziz Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical intervention popularised in movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, and also reported to improve symptoms of epilepsy, Tourette’s syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorders and cluster headache. Since the 1950s, DBS has been used as a treatment to relieve intractable pain of several aetiologies including post stroke pain, phantom limb pain, facial pain and brachial plexus avulsion. Several patient series have s...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - June 26, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research