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Exogenous H2S Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Activating Autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR Pathway
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that H2S decreases oxidative stress and protects against mitochondria injury, activates autophagy, and eventually leads to cardiac protection via the AMPK/mTOR pathway.Cell Physiol Biochem 2017;43:1168 –1187
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - October 4, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

The crosstalk between Sirt1 and Keap1/Nrf2/ARE anti-oxidative pathway forms a positive feedback loop to inhibit FN and TGF- β1 expressions in rat glomerular mesangial cells.
In conclusion, the current study basically demonstrated that the crosstalk between Sirt1 and Keap1/Nrf2/ARE anti-oxidative pathway forms a positive feedback loop to inhibit the protein expressions of FN and TGF-β1 in AGEs-treated GMCs. PMID: 28986066 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 3, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Huang K, Gao X, Wei W Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, facilitates osteogenic proliferation and differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2, and cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways involving β-catenin.
Abstract Previous studies have proven that Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its receptor agonist exert favorable anabolic effects on skeletal metabolism. However, whether GLP-1could directly impact osteoblast-mediated bone forming is still controversial, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Thus in this paper, we investigated the effects of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, on murine MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts proliferation and differentiation and explored the potential cellular basis. Our study confirmed the presence of GLP-1R in MC3T3-E1, and demonstrate...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 14, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Wu X, Li S, Xue P, Li Y Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Tetrahydroxystilbene Glycoside Improves Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Ameliorates Obesity-Associated Hypertension in Obese ZDF Rats Via Inhibition of Endothelial Autophagy
Conclusion: Endothelial dysfunction in ZDF rats is partially attributable to excessive autophagy. TSG improves endothelial function and exerts hypotensive effectsvia regulation of endothelial autophagy.Cell Physiol Biochem 2017;43:293 –307
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - August 30, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Apelin protects against liver X receptor-mediated steatosis through AMPK and PPAR α in human and mouse hepatocytes.
Apelin protects against liver X receptor-mediated steatosis through AMPK and PPARα in human and mouse hepatocytes. Cell Signal. 2017 Aug 15;39:84-94 Authors: Huang J, Kang S, Park SJ, Im DS Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most commonly occurring chronic liver disease, and hepatic steatosis, a condition defined as extensive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, is associated with liver dysfunction and metabolic diseases, such as, obesity and type II diabetes. Apelin is an adipokine that acts on a G protein-coupled receptor named APJ, and has been established to play pivotal roles in var...
Source: Cellular Signalling - August 15, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Huang J, Kang S, Park SJ, Im DS Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

High glucose and free fatty acids induce endothelial progenitor cell senescence via PGC-1 α/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
The objective of the research was to investigate the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the conditions of high glucose and lipids, which has been widely used to mimic the metabolic disorder that occurs in type 2 diabetic mellitus, and further to verify the role of PGC-1α and SIRT1, cellular energy metabolism regulators, in the process of senescence of EPCs with these combined stimuli. Circulating EPCs were incubated in absence or presence of high glucose (25 mM), FFA (200 μM) or both. EPCs senescence was assessed by β-galactosidase staining, EPCs telomerase activity was measured by telomeric repeat ampli...
Source: Cell Biology International - August 7, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Song X, Yang B, Qiu F, Jia M, Fu G Tags: Cell Biol Int Source Type: research

Protectin DX suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis through AMPK-HO-1-mediated inhibition of ER stress.
In conclusion, our findings suggest that PDX inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis via AMPK-HO-1-dependent suppression of ER stress. Thus, PDX may be an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes through the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. PMID: 28342842 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cellular Signalling - March 22, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Jung TW, Kim HC, Jeong JH Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

Sulfiredoxin involved in the protection of peroxiredoxins against hyperoxidation in the early hyperglycaemia.
Abstract As a direct consequence of hyperglycaemia, the excessive generation of ROS is central to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We hypothesize that stimulation of high glucose (HG) results in an increased sulfiredoxin (Srx) expression, which regulates ROS signaling through reducing the hyperoxidized peroxiredoxins (Prxs). We show that hyperoxidized Prxs were initially reduced in the preliminary stage but then dramatically increased in advanced stage and these changes corresponded to a significant increase of Srx expression in the heart of diabetic rats. These time-dependent changes were also confirm...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - February 11, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Shi S, Guo Y, Lou Y, Li Q, Cai X, Zhong X, Li H Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

The plasma membrane metal-ion transporter ZIP14 contributes to nontransferrin-bound iron uptake by human {beta}-cells
The relationship between iron and β-cell dysfunction has long been recognized as individuals with iron overload display an increased incidence of diabetes. This link is usually attributed to the accumulation of excess iron in β-cells leading to cellular damage and impaired function. Yet, the molecular mechanism(s) by which human β-cells take up iron has not been determined. In the present study, we assessed the contribution of the metal-ion transporters ZRT/IRT-like protein 14 and 8 (ZIP14 and ZIP8) and divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) to iron uptake by human β-cells. Iron was provided to the cel...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - February 7, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Coffey, R., Knutson, M. D. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

MiR ‐30c protects diabetic nephropathy by suppressing epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in db/db mice
In this study, loss of miR‐30c accompanied with increased EMT was observed in renal tubules of db/db mice and cultured HK2 cells exposed to high glucose. To further explore the roles of miR‐30c in EMT and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, recombinant adeno‐associated viral vector was applied to manipulate the expression of miR‐30c. In vivo study showed that overexpression of miR‐30c suppressed EMT, attenuated renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and reduced proteinuria, serum creatinine, and BUN levels. In addition, Snail1 was identified as a direct target of miR‐30c by Ago2 co‐immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporte...
Source: Aging Cell - January 27, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Yanru Zhao, Zhongwei Yin, Huaping Li, Jiahui Fan, Shenglan Yang, Chen Chen, Dao Wen Wang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The plasma membrane metal-ion transporter ZIP14 contributes to non-transferrin-bound iron uptake by human β cells.
Abstract The relationship between iron and β cell dysfunction has long been recognized as individuals with iron overload display an increased incidence of diabetes. This link is usually attributed to the accumulation of excess iron in β cells leading to cellular damage and impaired function. Yet, the molecular mechanism(s) by which human β cells take up iron has not been determined. In the present study, we assessed the contribution of the metal-ion transporters ZIP14, ZIP8, and DMT1 to iron uptake by human β cells. Iron was provided to the cells as non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI), which appears in the plasm...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - November 29, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Coffey R, Knutson MD Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (SREBP)-1 is a novel regulator of the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)- β receptor I (TβRI) through exosomal secretion.
Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (SREBP)-1 is a novel regulator of the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β receptor I (TβRI) through exosomal secretion. Cell Signal. 2016 Nov 5;: Authors: Van Krieken R, Chen G, Gao B, Read J, Al Saleh HA, Li R, Al-Nedawi K, Krepinsky JC Abstract Accumulation of matrix in the glomerulus is a classic hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. The profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays a central role in the development of glomerular sclerosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding...
Source: Cellular Signalling - November 4, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Van Krieken R, Chen G, Gao B, Read J, Al Saleh HA, Li R, Al-Nedawi K, Krepinsky JC Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

AMPK activation by prolonged stimulation with interleukin-1 β contributes to the promotion of GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cells.
AMPK activation by prolonged stimulation with interleukin-1β contributes to the promotion of GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cells. Cell Biol Int. 2016 Aug 29; Authors: Takaguri A, Inoue S, Kubo T, Satoh K Abstract Impaired insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells causes insulin resistance associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes. Although interleukin (IL)-1β has been considered to be implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, the action of prolonged stimulation with IL-1β on the insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle cells remains poorly understood. In the current study,...
Source: Cell Biology International - August 28, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Takaguri A, Inoue S, Kubo T, Satoh K Tags: Cell Biol Int Source Type: research

Berberine attenuates high glucose-induced fibrosis by activating the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 and repressing the S1P2/MAPK signaling pathway in glomerular mesangial cells.
In this study, we explored the role of TGR5 in the BBR-induced downregulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2) / mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) -mediated fibrosis in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs). Results showed that, BBR suppressed the expression of FN, ICAM-1, and TGF-β1 in high-glucose cultures of GMCs, and the phosphorylation level of c-Jun/c-Fos was downregulated. The high glucose lowered TGR5 expression in a time-dependent manner; this effect was reversed by BBR in a dose-dependent manner. The TGR5 agonist INT-777 decreased the high glucose-induced FN, ICAM-1, and TGF-β1 protein contents. I...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - June 8, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Yang Z, Li J, Xiong F, Huang J, Chen C, Liu P, Huang H Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Altered expression of uncoupling protein 2 in GLP-1-producing cells after chronic high glucose exposure: implications for the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut L-cell hormone that enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Several approaches that prevent GLP-1 degradation or activate the GLP-1 receptor are being used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In T2DM, GLP-1 secretion has been suggested to be impaired, and this defect appears to be a consequence rather than a cause of impaired glucose homeostasis. However, although defective GLP-1 secretion has been correlated with insulin resistance, little is known about the direct effects of chronic high glucose concentrations, which are typical in diabetes patients, on GLP-1...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - March 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Urbano, F., Filippello, A., Di Pino, A., Barbagallo, D., Di Mauro, S., Pappalardo, A., Rabuazzo, A. M., Purrello, M., Purrello, F., Piro, S. Tags: Cell Signaling: Proteins, Pathways and Mechanisms CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research

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