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Potential Applications of Remote Limb Ischemic Conditioning for Chronic Cerebral Circulation Insufficiency
Conclusion Due to its long-term and often invisible course, CCCI has received less attention than acute cerebral ischemic stroke. However, without appropriate intervention, CCCI may lead to a variety of adverse events. Because the pathophysiological changes associated with CCCI are complex, pharmacological research in this area has been disappointing. Recent research suggests that RLIC, which is less invasive and more well-tolerated than drug treatment, can activate endogenous protective mechanisms during CCCI. In the present report, we reviewed studies related to CCCI (Table 1), as well as those related to stroke and sta...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - May 2, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Post-hoc Study of D-Amino Acid Oxidase in Blood as an Indicator of Post-stroke Dementia
In conclusion, our data support that plasma DAO levels were increased in PSD patients and correlated with brain WMH, independent of age, gender, hypertension, and renal function. Plasma DAO levels may therefore aid in PSD diagnosis. Introduction Stroke is a risk factor for both vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease (1, 2). Functional recovery develops over the course of 26 weeks after a stroke (3), but the survivors are often left with disabilities. In addition to the sequelae of acute neuronal damage, the 1-year post-stroke dementia (PSD) rates after first-ever and recurrent stroke are ~10 and 30...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Modifiable Lifestyle Factors and Cognitive Function in Older People: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Conclusions: Lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, sleep, and social activity appear to be associated with cognitive function among older people. Physical activity and appropriate durations of sleep and conversation are important for cognitive function. Introduction Dementia is a major public health issue worldwide, with a serious burden for patients, caregivers, and society, as well as substantial economic impacts (1). Although the prevalence of late-life cognitive impairment and dementia are expected to increase in future, effective disease-modifying treatments are currently unavailable. Therefore, unders...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Predictive Capacity of the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test After Sport-Related Concussion in Adolescents
Conclusion This study found that the ΔHR (HRt minus resting HR) correlated with duration of clinical recovery in participants who were prescribed relative rest or a placebo-stretching program but not for participants prescribed sub-threshold aerobic exercise. A ΔHR of ≤50 bpm on the BCTT was 73% sensitive and 78% specific for predicting delayed recovery in concussed adolescents prescribed the current standard of care (i.e., cognitive and physical rest). This has implications for planning team and school activities in adolescents who sustain SRC. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in acco...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Combination of Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sedation
Conclusions: The efficacy of DEX–KET sedation was comparable to that of midazolam for MRI examination. DEX–KET was related to shorter scan time and lower occurrence of complications compared to midazolam. Introduction Neurocritically ill patients often require brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in addition to conventional neurological evaluations. Brain MRI can reveal structural lesions with a high sensitivity due to its excellent spatial resolution and enhanced soft tissue contrast (1–3). To acquire MRI images, patients' cooperation is imperative. However, keeping patients with ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Is Associated With Circadian and Other Variability in Embolus Detection
Conclusions: Embolism associated with asymptomatic carotid stenosis shows circadian variation with highest rates 4–6 h before midday. This corresponds with peak circadian incidence of stroke and other vascular complications. These and ASED Study results show that monitoring frequency, duration, and time of day are important in ES detection. Introduction Transcranial Doppler (TCD) detected microembolism in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) may help stratify the risk of stroke and other arterial disease complications in persons with advanced (≥60%) asymptomatic carotid stenosis. If so, this t...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 15, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Characterizing the Penumbras of White Matter Hyperintensities and Their Associations With Cognitive Function in Patients With Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment
Conclusion In this study, reduced CBF and FA and increased MD in the inner NAWM layers for both PVWMH and DWMH suggested extensive WM alterations beyond the visible WM lesions commonly observed on clinical MRI of svMCI subjects. CBF penumbras cover more extensive WM at risk than DTI penumbras, suggesting the likelihood that compromised CBF precedes white matter integrity changes, and CBF penumbras may be a potential target for the prevention of further microstructural white matter damage. The imaging parameters investigated, however, did not correlate to cognition. Author Contributions YZ, QX, and XG conceived and desig...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Young Male Syndrome —An Analysis of Sex, Age, Risk Taking and Mortality in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries
Conclusion The willingness of young males to engage in dangerous situations might be adaptive in terms of fitness maximization. Nonetheless, for some individuals this intense sexual competition can be detrimental to health. The correspondence between the age distribution of the reproductively most active population and those suffering sTBI only partially supports the evolutionary hypothesis about risk-taking behavior. The prevalence of higher external mortality rates of young males, on the other hand, was not present in our data at all, nor did we find any support for the assumption that sTBI acquired from riskier behavio...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pre-injury Comorbidities Are Associated With Functional Impairment and Post-concussive Symptoms at 3- and 6-Months After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study
Conclusions: Pre-injury psychiatric and pre-injury headache/migraine symptoms are risk factors for worse functional and post-concussive outcomes at 3- and 6-months post-mTBI. mTBI patients presenting to acute care should be evaluated for psychiatric and headache/migraine history, with lower thresholds for providing TBI education/resources, surveillance, and follow-up/referrals. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01565551. Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2013 ~2.8 million TBI cases were recorded an...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

MCI subtypes are heterogeneous and preceded by different risk factors: A study on aMCI and naMCI incidence (P4.194)
Conclusions:Results suggested that aMCI and naMCI are inherently heterogeneous from the outset, illustrated by their different risk factors. Recognizing indicators of MCI prior to clinical presentation is critical in targeted interventions, early treatment, and prevention from rapid progression to dementia.Study Supported by:NIA grant: AG03949Sylvia and Leonard Marx FoundationDisclosure: Dr. Zammit has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lipton has received personal compensation from Allergan, American Headache Society, Autonomic Technologies, Boston Scientific, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cognimed, Colucid, Eli Lilly, eNeura Therapeutics,...
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Zammit, A., Lipton, R., Katz, M., Derby, C., Hall, C. Tags: Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology: Neurodegenerative Disorders Source Type: research

HELIAD study: Dementia prevalence in Greece (P3.095)
Conclusions:The prevalence of dementia and its subtypes in Greece is similar or at the lower range of that reported in many other European countries and globally. In our sample, increased age and decreased level of education status, but not gender, were predictive of a diagnosis of dementia with age being the strongest predictive factor.Study Supported by:Funding/Support: IIRG-09-133014 from the Alzheimer’s Association; 189 10276/8/9/2011 from the ESPA-EU program Excellence Grant (ARISTEIA) which is co-funded by the European Social Fund and Greek National resources; and Y2β/o.51657/14.4.2009 from the Ministry fo...
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Sakka, P., Kosmidis, M., Yannakoulia, M., Dardiotis, E., Hadjigeorgiou, G., Scarmeas, N. Tags: Aging and Dementia: Epidemiologic Studies Source Type: research

Predictive Variables of Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Lupus (P1.340)
Conclusions:Duration of disease and low educational level are predictors of CD in patients with SLE. Depression and anxiety did not influence cognitive performance. Although cardiovascular comorbidity is a risk factor for dementia in general population, those variables might play a minor role in SLE patients.Study Supported by:Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grant #2015/08833-7) supported this study.Disclosure: Dr. Alessi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dutra Antonio has nothing to disclose. Dr. Maria has nothing...
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Alessi, H., Dutra, L. A., Maria, L., Xavier, P., Couce, P., Kayser, C., Barsottini, O. Tags: CNS Inflammatory Diseases and Differential Diagnosis I Source Type: research

Sleep duration is associated with worse neurocognitive function in Hispanic/Latinos: Results of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) (I9-4A)
CONCLUSIONS: Sleep duration had an inverted J-shaped curvilinear association with neurocognitive function, such that those with longer sleep duration had worse neurocognitive scores. Study Supported by: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos was carried out as a collaborative study supported by contracts from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) to the University of North Carolina (N01-HC65233), University of Miami (N01-HC65234), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (N01-HC65235), Northwestern University (N01-HC65236), and San Diego State University (N01-HC65237). The following Institutes/Cent...
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Ramos, A., Tarraf, W., Daviglus, M., Davis, S., Gallo, L., Mossavar-Rahmani, Y., Penedo, F., Redline, S., Rundek, T., Sacco, R., Sotres-Alvarez, D., Wright, C., Zee, P., Gonzalez, H. Tags: Treating Dementia in an Age of Mixed Disease Data Blitz Presentations Source Type: research

Sleep duration is associated with worse neurocognitive function in Hispanic/Latinos: Results of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) (P1.100)
CONCLUSIONS: Sleep duration had an inverted J-shaped curvilinear association with neurocognitive function, such that those with longer sleep duration had worse neurocognitive scores. Study Supported by: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos was carried out as a collaborative study supported by contracts from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) to the University of North Carolina (N01-HC65233), University of Miami (N01-HC65234), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (N01-HC65235), Northwestern University (N01-HC65236), and San Diego State University (N01-HC65237). The following Institutes/Cent...
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Ramos, A., Tarraf, W., Daviglus, M., Davis, S., Gallo, L., Mossavar-Rahmani, Y., Penedo, F., Redline, S., Rundek, T., Sacco, R., Sotres-Alvarez, D., Wright, C., Zee, P., Gonzalez, H. Tags: Neuroepidemiology: Cerebrovascular Disease, Critical Care, Epilepsy, Child Neurology, and Sleep Source Type: research

Self-reported sleep problems and incidence of dementia (P2.173)
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that increased daytime sleepiness is independent risk factor for dementia in older adults. Study Supported by: WHICAP grant numer:R01AG037212, Felloship in memory of 'Maria Zaousi'Disclosure: Dr. Tsapanou has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Scarmeas has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis. Dr. Stern has received personal compensation for activities with Elan, Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Cephalon, and GalaxoSmithKlein as a consultant.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Tsapanou, A., Gu, Y., Scarmeas, N., Stern, Y. Tags: Aging, Dementia, Cognitive, and Behavioral Neurology: Memory, Olfaction, and Alzheimer ' s Disease Risk Factors Source Type: research

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