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Condition: Hydrocephalus

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Total 527 results found since Jan 2013.

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Hydrocephalus in Rats Brief Reports
Conclusions— SAH causes ventricular enlargement in a rat endovascular perforation model, with hydrocephalus occurring in 44% of animals at 24 hours. Rats with hydrocephalus had more severe SAH, intraventricular hemorrhage, and greater ventricular wall damage.
Source: Stroke - January 18, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Okubo, S., Strahle, J., Keep, R. F., Hua, Y., Xi, G. Tags: Animal models of human disease, Cerebral Aneurysm, AVM, & Subarachnoid hemorrhage Brief Reports Source Type: research

Clinical Reasoning: A 44-year-old woman with headache followed by sudden neurologic decline
A 44-year-old woman with a history of migraines and idiopathic intracranial hypertension presented to the emergency room with 1 day of headache and nausea. She had been otherwise healthy with no sick contacts. She was afebrile without nuchal rigidity, rash, or cardiac murmur, and her neurologic examination was normal. Migraine therapy was initiated with IV prochlorperazine, ketorolac, and magnesium. Two hours later, she developed fever (101.4°F) and confusion, continually stating, "It hurts," but unable to answer questions or follow commands despite an otherwise unremarkable examination. Noncontrast head CT demonstrate...
Source: Neurology - March 25, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Berkowitz, A. L., Kimchi, E. Y., Hwang, D. Y., Vaitkevicius, H., Henderson, G. V., Feske, S. K., Chou, S. H.- Y. Tags: Hydrocephalus, Stroke in young adults, Meningitis, Critical care RESIDENT AND FELLOW SECTION Source Type: research

Adverse events after endovascular treatment of chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) in patients with multiple sclerosis
Although it is debated whether chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) plays a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) development, many patients undergo endovascular treatment (ET) of CCSVI. A study is ongoing in Italy to evaluate the clinical outcome of ET. Severe adverse events (AEs) occurred in 15/462 subjects at a variable interval after ET: jugular thrombosis in seven patients, tetraventricular hydrocephalus, stroke, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, status epilepticus, aspiration pneumonia, hypertension with tachicardia, or bleeding of bedsore in the remaining seven cases. One patient died because of myocardial in...
Source: Multiple Sclerosis - May 27, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Ghezzi, A., Annovazzi, P., Amato, M., Capello, E., Cavalla, P., Cocco, E., Falcini, M., Gallo, A., Patti, F., Perini, P., Rodegher, M., Rovaris, M., Rottoli, M., Comi, G., the MS Study Group-Italian Society of Neurology Tags: Short Report Source Type: research

Arteriovenous fistula after ventriculostomy in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
A 66-year-old woman was found unresponsive after complaining of severe headache several days prior. She was comatose upon initial evaluation and a cranial CT revealed diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage. A right posterior communicating artery aneurysm (figure, A, arrow) was successfully treated with endovascular embolization. Conventional angiography performed 7 days following ventriculostomy placement for hydrocephalus demonstrated interval development of a traumatic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) filling by the middle meningeal artery (figure, C, D, arrow). The AVF was treated with intra-arterial embolization. Ventriculostomy-a...
Source: Neurology - June 3, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Meisel, K., Yee, A., Stout, C., Kim, W., Cooke, D., Halbach, V. Tags: All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke, Arteriovenous malformation, Subarachnoid hemorrhage NEUROIMAGES Source Type: research

A multicenter, randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled phase III study of Clot Lysis Evaluation of Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage (CLEAR III)
BackgroundIn adults, intraventricular thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) facilitates resolution of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), reduces intracranial pressure, decreases duration of cerebrospinal fluid diversion, and may ameliorate direct neural injury. We hypothesize that patients with small parenchymal haematoma volumes (<30 cc) and relatively large IVH causing acute obstructive hydrocephalus would have improved clinical outcomes when given injections of low‐dose rtPA to accelerate lysis and evacuation of IVH compared with placebo. MethodsThe Clot Lysis Evaluation of Ac...
Source: International Journal of Stroke - August 1, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Wendy C. Ziai, Stanley Tuhrim, Karen Lane, Nichol McBee, Kennedy Lees, Jesse Dawson, Kenneth Butcher, Paul Vespa, David W. Wright, Penelope M. Keyl, A. David Mendelow, Carlos Kase, Christine Wijman, Marc Lapointe, Sayona John, Richard Thompson, Carol Thom Tags: Research Source Type: research

Antifibrinolytic therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.
CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence does not support the use of antifibrinolytic drugs in the treatment of people with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, even in those who have concomitant treatment strategies to prevent cerebral ischaemia. Results on short-term treatment are promising, but not conclusive. Further randomised trials evaluating short-term antifibrinolytic treatment are needed to evaluate its effectiveness. PMID: 23990381 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - August 30, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Baharoglu MI, Germans MR, Rinkel GJ, Algra A, Vermeulen M, van Gijn J, Roos YB Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Angiogram-Negative Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Outcomes Data and Review of the Literature
We report data for 31 patients who presented to our institution from 2006 to the present. We performed a retrospective chart review, and report outcome data that include rates of rehemorrhage, hydrocephalus, vasospasm, permanent ischemic deficits, headaches, and outcomes based on modified Rankin Scale scores. We also performed a review of the literature and meta-analysis of the data therein. We compared rates of complications in the PMH subgroup and the diffuse-type hemorrhage subgroup. The chart review revealed no poor outcomes and no rehemorrhages in the patients with PMH. In the diffuse hemorrhage subgroup, 1 patient ha...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - April 1, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Scott Boswell, William Thorell, Steve Gogela, Elizabeth Lyden, Dan Surdell Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Predicting inpatient complications from cerebral aneurysm clipping: the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2005-2009.
Conclusions The featured model can provide individualized estimates of the risks of postoperative complications based on preoperative conditions and can potentially be used as an adjunct in decision making in cerebrovascular neurosurgery. PMID: 24032701 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Neurosurgery - September 13, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Bekelis K, Missios S, Mackenzie TA, Desai A, Fischer A, Labropoulos N, Roberts DW Tags: J Neurosurg Source Type: research

Emergency room decision-making for urgent cranial computed tomography: selection criteria for subsets of non-trauma patients.
CONCLUSION: Although 100% sensitivity was not achieved, our results may contribute to the evidence that in the absence of focal neurologic deficit, headache with vomiting or altered mental status in patients aged <60 years cranial tomography can be refrained from, in the general population as well as in the subgroup defined above. Further research might validate patient history as a parameter. PMID: 24060816 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Acta Radiologica - September 23, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Tung C, Lindgren A, Siemund R, van Westen D Tags: Acta Radiol Source Type: research

Intrathecal Treatment of Cerebral Vasospasm
Treatment of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains a major therapeutic challenge. Systemic drug administration is the current treatment of choice, but patients often do not respond beneficially to this approach. Intrathecal (IT) drug administration has several anatomic and pharmacodynamic advantages over conventional systemic treatment of cerebral vasospasm. We reviewed the most recent literature describing IT administration of several drugs to treat aneurysm-induced SAH and cerebral vasospasm, including 16 clinical trials using IT fibrinolytic agents and 10 trials using several IT vasod...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - June 1, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Yi Ping Zhang, Lisa B.E. Shields, Tom L. Yao, Shervin R. Dashti, Christopher B. Shields Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Attenuates Brain Injury and Neurological Deficits in a Rat Model of Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Increased level of TGF-β1 and activation of the TGF-β pathway associate with the development of brain injury after GMH. SD208 inhibits GMH-induced activation of the TGF-β pathway and leads to an improved developmental profile, partial recovery of cognitive and motor functions, and attenuation of GMH-induced brain atrophy and hydrocephalus.
Source: Stroke - February 24, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Manaenko, A., Lekic, T., Barnhart, M., Hartman, R., Zhang, J. H. Tags: Animal models of human disease, Neuroprotectors Basic Sciences Source Type: research

What Causes Ataxia?
Discussion Coordination and balance problems are caused by various problems affecting the central and peripheral nervous system. Normal development of a child or weakness of a child are commonly mistaken for true ataxia. Ataxia specifically refers to “…impairment of the coordination of movement without loss of muscle strength.” If it is purely due to abnormalities of the cerebellum then there should be no changes in mental status, sensation or weakness. Sometimes it is difficult to determine if there are abnormalities in other areas. For example, Guillian-Barre often presents with difficulty or clumsy wal...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 31, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Early Experience with Low Contrast Imaging (LCI) Technology during Neuroendovascular Interventional Procedures
CONCLUSIONSLCI is a promising tool in the arsenal of a neuroendovascular interventionist, especially when a complication is suspected during an intervention, potentially obviating the need for immediate transfer of the patient to a conventional CT scanner. Further studies comparing LCI with conventional noncontrast CT imaging are necessary.
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - March 1, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Maxim Mokin, Elad I. Levy, Kenneth V. Snyder, Adnan H. Siddiqui Tags: Clinical Investigative Study Source Type: research

Complete spontaneous thrombosis and recanalization of a ruptured posterior cerebral artery aneurysm.
Abstract Complete spontaneous thrombosis followed by recanalization of non-giant aneurysms is a rare event that can be discovered incidentally on advanced neural images. In this case report, the authors described a woman who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) territory ischemic stroke. Cerebral angiography revealed a left PCA aneurysm at the P1-P2 junction. The patient received conservative treatment and repeated cerebral angiography 4 weeks later demonstrated the disappeared aneurysm. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast-enhanced computed tomo...
Source: Turkish Neurosurgery - May 27, 2014 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Wei D, Jingru Z, Cungang F, Yake X, Dongliang W, Zhengmao W, Xinting W, Qingjun Z Tags: Turk Neurosurg Source Type: research

Endovascular management of cerebral vasospasm.
Abstract Cerebral vasospasm remains a feared complication from subarachnoid hemorrhage. Vasospasm typically occurs from three to fourteen days post-aneurysm rupture, with peak risk on Day 7. Up to 50% of patients with angiographic vasospasm will subsequently develop delayed cerebral ischemia; 15-20% of this subset will develop stroke or death despite maximal medical therapy. We define symptomatic vasospasm as the presence of neurological worsening after exclusion of other identifiable causes, such as seizure, hydrocephalus, intracerebral hemorrhage, or metabolic dysfunction. This video demonstrates the set-up and ...
Source: Neurosurgical Focus - July 1, 2014 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Kelman C, Reavey-Cantwell J Tags: Neurosurg Focus Source Type: research