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Plant-based diets and incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in African Americans: A cohort study
ConclusionsIn this study of black Americans, we observed that, unlike in prior studies, greater adherence to a plant-based diet was not associated with CVD or all-cause mortality.
Source: PLoS Medicine - January 5, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Leah J. Weston Source Type: research

Poor Physical Function as a Risk Factor for Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
CONCLUSION: poor physical function can be assessed to identify risk of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Healthcare personnel should provide education programs that inform patients on the importance of maintaining a healthy physical ability. PMID: 32778624 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Acta medica Indonesiana - August 13, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Acta Med Indones Source Type: research

The prevalence of stroke according to indoor radon concentration in South Koreans: Nationwide cross section study
This study combines 2 nationwide studies. Demographic characteristics and medical history of participants were obtained from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2007 to 2012. Participants over 40 years old and who completed the questionnaire were included in the study. Indoor radon concentration was analyzed using the mean value of winter housing radon concentration from 2012 to 2016 published by the National Institute of Environmental Research. The average values of each metropolitan city and province were assigned to the residence of the participant. To eliminate the potential confoundi...
Source: Medicine - January 1, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Research Article: Observational Study Source Type: research

Cardiometabolic disease costs associated with suboptimal diet in the United States: A cost analysis based on a microsimulation model
ConclusionsSuboptimal diet of 10 dietary factors accounts for 18.2% of all ischemic heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes costs in the US, highlighting that timely implementation of diet policies could address these health and economic burdens.
Source: PLoS Medicine - December 16, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Thiago Veiga Jardim Source Type: research

Diabetes-Multimorbidity Combinations and Disability Among Middle-aged and Older Adults
ConclusionsDepressive symptoms or stroke added onto other multimorbidity combinations may pose a substantial functional burden for middle-aged and older adults with diabetes.
Source: Journal of General Internal Medicine - February 27, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Cardiovascular disease risk unmasked by pregnancy complications.
Abstract Pregnancy related complications indicate a propensity for atherosclerotic disease. Epidemiologic data demonstrate early onset cardiovascular disease in women with a history of pregnancy loss, preterm pregnancy or pregnancy complicated by intrauterine growth restriction. Early onset diabetes, increased rates of MI and increased rates of stroke are more prevalent after gestational diabetes. In addition, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy mark significant pathophysiologic changes, including vascular dysfunction and immunologic changes, which induce atherogenesis and result in a substantial increase in rates...
Source: European Journal of Internal Medicine - July 25, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Jasper R, Skelding K Tags: Eur J Intern Med Source Type: research

Defining Metabolic Syndrome and Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in a Poly-pharmaceutical Population.
CONCLUSION: The IDF definition for METs that makes allowance for treatment for each specific condition can lead to an overestimation in the prevalence of METs in population studies. Not including those medicated with normal results conversely underestimates the prevalence of METs. We have therefore proposed adjustments to BP and lipid measurements based on pooled mean effects from published systematic reviews to mitigate bias in future research on prevalence of METs. PMID: 27558757 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Postgraduate Medicine - August 27, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Postgrad Med Source Type: research

Daytime sleepiness is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in rural area of China: A cross-sectional study.
CONCLUSIONS: Daytime sleepiness, but not sleep duration abnormity, snoring, apnea and sleep disruption was an independent risk factor for Hhcy. PMID: 27321249 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: European Journal of Internal Medicine - June 15, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Zhang N, Chen S, Chen Y, Guo X, Sun G, Qian H, Sun Y Tags: Eur J Intern Med Source Type: research

The Pooled Cohort Equations for Predicting Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke: Validated in Representative Natural History Populations
The American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Pooled Cohort equations (PCEs) were introduced in late 2013 and published in mid-2014.1 Unlike the Framingham score used to determine coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines,2 the new PCEs focused on estimating risk of CHD and stroke and additionally provided specific risk assessment for African American individuals. Because stroke may occur before CHD, particularly in women and African Americans, the PCEs were seen as a major advance in disease prognostication.
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - May 10, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Neil J. Stone, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

ACE inhibitors in African Americans with hypertension associated with worse outcomes as compared to other antihypertensives
Commentary on: Bangalore S, Ogedegbe G, Gyamfi J, et al.. Outcomes with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors vs other antihypertensive agents in hypertensive blacks. Am J Med 2015;128:1195–203. Context Hypertension affects one-third of the world's population and remains a leading cause of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, renal failure and death. Although hypertension control has improved,1 the prevalence is increasing due to an ageing population, rising obesity and a shift towards western lifestyles and disease patterns in low-income and middle-income countries. Hypertension is now also a major contr...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - January 22, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Lund, L. H. Tags: EBM Prognosis, Epidemiologic studies, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Stroke, Hypertension, Obesity (nutrition), Ischaemic heart disease, Renal medicine, Drugs: musculoskeletal and joint diseases, Health education Source Type: research

Current 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk threshold for statin eligibility is cost-effective for primary prevention
Commentary on: Pandya A, Sy S, Cho S, et al. Cost effectiveness of 10-year risk thresholds for initiation of statin therapy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. JAMA 2015;314: 142–50 . Context The American College of Cardiology American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) cholesterol guidelines replaced the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) in 2013,1 a change that was accompanied by significant controversy.2 Notable among the criticisms was that the pooled cohort equations (PCE) overestimates risk and coupled with the relatively lenient risk threshold (10-year PCE &g...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - November 24, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Yeboah, J. Tags: Health policy, Epidemiologic studies, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Neuromuscular disease, Stroke, Ischaemic heart disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Health economics, Health service research Economic analysis Source Type: research

Discrimination in Healthcare Settings is Associated with Disability in Older Adults: Health and Retirement Study, 2008–2012
CONCLUSIONS One out of five adults over the age of 50 years experiences discrimination in healthcare settings. One in 17 experience frequent healthcare discrimination, and this is associated with new or worsened disability by 4 years. Future research should focus on the mechanisms by which healthcare discrimination influences disability in older adults to promote better health outcomes for an aging population.
Source: Journal of General Internal Medicine - March 13, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Effects of screening and lifestyle counselling on incidence of ischaemic heart disease in general population are limited
Commentary on: Jorgensen T, Jacobsen RK, Toft U, et al.. Effect of screening and lifestyle counselling on incidence of ischaemic heart disease in general population: Inter99 randomised trial. BMJ 2014;348:g3617. Context While mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases—particularly ischaemic heart disease (IHD)—have been declining in Western countries, IHD still contributes a significant burden to individuals, healthcare systems and society.1 Therefore, IHD prevention efforts could have major impact on societal health. Given the widespread prevalence of IHD and IHD risk factors, population-focused public healt...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - January 21, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Lear, S. A. Tags: Rehabilitation medicine, Smoking and tobacco, Epidemiologic studies, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Stroke, Diet, Ischaemic heart disease, Screening (epidemiology), Health education, Screening (public health), Smoking Therapeutics/Prevention Source Type: research

Fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with reduced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality
Commentary on: Wang X, Ouyang Y, Liu J, et al.. Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ 2014;349:g4490 Context Dietary guidelines from around the world recommend the daily consumption of a variety of fruits and vegetables. For example, the ‘5 a day’ public health campaign in the UK encourages people to consume at least five 80 g portions of fruits and vegetables every day. These guidelines are largely based on recommendations from the WHO to consume at least 400&nb...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - January 21, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Crowe, F. L. Tags: Smoking and tobacco, Epidemiologic studies, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Stroke, Hypertension, Diet, Ischaemic heart disease, Health education, Smoking Therapeutics/Prevention Source Type: research

Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis sheds doubt on protective associations between 'moderate' alcohol consumption and coronary heart disease
Commentary on: Holmes M, Dale C, Zuccolo L, et al.. Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data. BMJ 2014;349:g4164. Context A protective association between low-dose alcohol and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) has been suggested by meta-analyses of observational studies and experimental studies. Observational studies are, however, vulnerable to residual confounding and selection bias. Compared with observational studies, the Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach can mitigate confounding, is immune to reverse causation, and is consistent...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - January 21, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Chikritzhs, T. N., Naimi, T. S., Stockwell, T. R., Liang, W. Tags: Genetics, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Stroke, Hypertension, Ischaemic heart disease, Alcohol, Health education Aetiology/Harm Source Type: research

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