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Specialty: Infectious Diseases
Condition: Encephalitis

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Total 27 results found since Jan 2013.

GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES: Anti-AMPA-GluR3 antibodies, Anti-NMDA-NR1 antibodies, Anti-NMDA-NR2A/B antibodies, Anti-mGluR1 antibodies or Anti-mGluR5 antibodies are present in subpopulations of patients with either: Epilepsy, Encephalitis, Cerebellar Ataxia, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Neuropsychiatric SLE, Sjogren's syndrome, Schizophrenia, Mania or Stroke. These autoimmune anti-glutamate receptor antibodies can bind neurons in few brain regions, activate glutamate receptors, decrease glutamate receptor's expression, impair glutamate-induced signaling and function, activate Blood Brain Barrier endothelial cells, kill neurons, damage the brain, induce behavioral/psychiatric/cognitive abnormalities and Ataxia in animal models, and can be removed or silenced in some patients by immunotherapy.
Abstract Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the Central Nervous System (CNS), and it is crucially needed for numerous key neuronal functions. Yet, excess glutamate causes massive neuronal death and brain damage by excitotoxicity-detrimental over activation of glutamate receptors. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is the main pathological process taking place in many types of acute and chronic CNS diseases and injuries. In recent years, it became clear that not only excess glutamate can cause massive brain damage, but that several types of anti-glutamate receptor antibodies, that are present in ...
Source: Herpes - August 1, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Levite M Tags: J Neural Transm Source Type: research

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis mimicking acute ischemic stroke
CONCLUSION: HSV infections may mimic stroke and therefore should be included in the differential diagnosis of atypical acute nervous conditions. In neurological events of acute nature, especially in febrile patients whose brain imaging is suspicious or inconclusive, the eventuality of a herpetic encephalitis should be kept in mind. This will lead to a prompt antiviral therapy and to a favorable outcome.PMID:36895212 | PMC:PMC9990771 | DOI:10.25259/SNI_1123_2022
Source: Herpes - March 10, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ermir Ro çi Stela Dodaj Gentian Vyshka Source Type: research

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome mimicking herpes simplex encephalitis: A case report
Radiol Case Rep. 2022 May 8;17(7):2428-2431. doi: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.04.019. eCollection 2022 Jul.ABSTRACTMitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome presents with the features of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), which is rare and has been described in only a few case reports. Our case describes a 17-year-old female with no significant previous medical history presenting with an acute onset of fever, headache, and epilepsy, similar to HSE. Computed tomography of the brain showed bilateral basal ganglia calcification. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated gyriform...
Source: Herpes - May 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wen-Gao Zeng Wan-Min Liao Jue Hu Su-Fen Chen Zhen Wang Source Type: research

Herpes Simplex Virus Meningoencephalitis Masquerading as Acute Stroke With Broca's Aphasia: A Case Report
This report highlights the importance of considering herpes encephalitis as a potential etiology in patients presenting with atypical neurological symptoms, even in the absence of typical radiological findings. Early diagnosis and appropriate management with acyclovir are crucial in improving outcomes in such cases.PMID:37476130 | PMC:PMC10354683 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.40618
Source: Herpes - July 21, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Gagandeep Singh Arora Don Phung Parneet Kaur Source Type: research

COVID-19 and Neurology - An Emerging Association.
CONCLUSIONS: Presentation of COVID-19 with neurological features is not uncommon, and these patients should be tested earlier to help in the prevention of transmission, early diagnosis, and management. PMID: 33602080 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Infectious Disorders Drug Targets - February 18, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Gupta A, Yadav P, Kumar D Tags: Infect Disord Drug Targets Source Type: research

COVID-19 and Neurology - An Emerging Association
CONCLUSIONS: Presentation of COVID-19 with neurological features is not uncommon, and these patients should be tested earlier to help in the prevention of transmission, early diagnosis, and management.PMID:33602080 | DOI:10.2174/1871526521666210218202226
Source: Infectious Disorders Drug Targets - February 19, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Amit Gupta Prakrati Yadav Deepak Kumar Source Type: research

Periodic electroencephalographic discharges and epileptic spasms involve cortico-striatal-thalamic loops on Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Brain Commun. 2022 Oct 6;4(5):fcac250. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac250. eCollection 2022.ABSTRACTPeriodic discharges are a rare peculiar electroencephalogram pattern, occasionally associated with motor or other clinical manifestations, usually observed in critically ill patients. Their underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Epileptic spasms in clusters and periodic discharges with motor manifestations share similar electroencephalogram pattern and some aetiologies of unfavourable prognosis such as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis or herpes encephalitis. Arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging i...
Source: Herpes - November 3, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Monika Eisermann Ludovic Fillon Ana Saitovitch Jennifer Boisgontier Alice Vin çon-Leite Volodia Dangouloff-Ros Thomas Blauwblomme Marie Bourgeois Marie-Th érèse Dangles Delphine Coste-Zeitoun Patricia Vignolo-Diard M élodie Aubart Manoelle Kossorotoff Source Type: research

Transmission of Balamuthia mandrillaris by Organ Transplantation
Conclusions. Balamuthia can be transmitted through organ transplantation with an observed incubation time of 17–24 days. Clinicians should be aware of Balamuthia as a cause of encephalitis with high rate of fatality, and should notify public health departments and evaluate transplant recipients from donors with signs of possible encephalitis to facilitate early diagnosis and targeted treatment. Organ procurement organizations and transplant centers should be aware of the potential for Balamuthia infection in donors with possible encephalitis and also assess donors carefully for signs of neurologic infection that...
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases - September 11, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Farnon, E. C., Kokko, K. E., Budge, P. J., Mbaeyi, C., Lutterloh, E. C., Qvarnstrom, Y., da Silva, A. J., Shieh, W.-J., Roy, S. L., Paddock, C. D., Sriram, R., Zaki, S. R., Visvesvara, G. S., Kuehnert, M. J., for the Balamuthia Transplant Investigation Te Tags: ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES Source Type: research

Neuroinfections caused by fungi
ConclusionAlthough the number of fungal species causing CNS mycosis is increasing, only some possess well-defined treatment standards (e.g., cryptococcal meningitis and CNS aspergillosis). The early diagnosis of fungal infection, accompanied by identification of the etiological factor, is needed to allow the selection of effective therapy in patients with FIs-CNS and limit their high mortality.
Source: Infection - May 21, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

COVID-19 may also invade the central nervous system, cause neurological illnesses
(Cleveland Clinic) COVID-19 is known primarily as a respiratory disease, with symptoms that include cough, shortness of breath, and, in severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia. Now, Cleveland Clinic researchers note in a recent review that infection with the coronavirus may also affect the central nervous system and cause corresponding neurological disorders, including ischemic stroke, encephalitis, encephalopathy and epileptic seizures.According to the review published in Cells, the symptoms of COVID-19-related neurological manifestations include dizziness, headache, a loss of consciousness and ataxia.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - December 10, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Neurologic aspects of coronavirus disease of 2019 infection
Purpose of review Central and peripheral nervous system manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been frequently reported and may cause significant morbidity and mortality. This review details the latest evidence on the neuropathogenesis and neurologic complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Recent findings Commonly reported neurologic complications include toxic-metabolic encephalopathy, acute cerebrovascular disorders, seizures, and anoxic-brain injury. These complications represent secondary injury due to COVID-19 related hypoxia, sepsis, hype...
Source: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases - May 2, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CNS INFECTIONS: Edited by Adarsh Bhimraj Source Type: research