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The epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease in adult patients with HIV
This article discusses the complex interactions involving HIV infection, the novel and traditional risk factors for CVD, and the antiretroviral HIV therapies which can contribute to CVD in HIV-infected people. In addition, the treatment of HIV+ patients with acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiomyopathy/heart failure are discussed. Current recommended ART and their major side effects are summarized in table format. All medical personnel must be aware of the increasing incidence of CVD on the morbidity and mortality in HIV infected patients and must be watchful for the presence of CVD in their patients with HIV.PM...
Source: Atherosclerosis - May 22, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Robert J Henning John N Greene Source Type: research

Cardiac transplant and exercise cardiac rehabilitation
AbstractCardiac transplantation is the final therapeutic option for patients with end-stage heart failure. Most patients experience a favorable functional ability post-transplant. However, episodes of acute rejection, and multiple comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and cardiac allograft vasculopathy are common. The number of transplants has increased steadily over the past two decades with 3,817 operations performed in the United States in 2021. Patients have abnormal exercise physiologic responses related to surgical cardiac denervation, diastolic dysfunction, and the legacy of r...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - April 4, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Meta-Analysis Addressing the Effect of Mineralcorticoid Receptor Antagonists on the Risk for New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF) constitutes the most common, major cardiac arrhythmia worldwide, with an estimated prevalence in the United States equal to 2.3 million affected subjects, projected to increase to 5.6 million by 2050.1 Hypertension and background heart disease (mainly, congestive heart failure) or valve disease represent main risk factors for AF development.1 Other modifiable risk factors are sedentary lifestyle, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and obstructive sleep apnea.2 AF is associated with a significant increase in the risk for all-cause and cardiovascular death, ischemic stroke, heart failure (HF), isch...
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - August 13, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Dimitrios Patoulias, Christodoulos Papadopoulos, Maria Toumpourleka, Michael Doumas Source Type: research

Antidiabetic drugs for preventing atrial fibrillation: A new revolution?
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are 2 of the great epidemics of our time. DM affects an estimated 8.5% of adults in the United States1 and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including AF.2 AF in turn affects up to an estimated 12.5% of adults older than 65 years in the United States, decreases quality of life, and increases the risks of heart failure, stroke, and death.3,4 In 2015, the EMPA-REG OUTCOME (BI 10773 [Empagliflozin] Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients) randomized controlled trial (RCT), which assessed the sodium glucose c...
Source: Heart Rhythm - April 7, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: William F. McIntyre, Jeff S. Healey Tags: Editorial Commentary Source Type: research

Sleep Duration and Cardiovascular Health in A Representative Community Population (from NHANES, 2005 to 2016)
We examined the relation between sleep duration and cardiovascular health among the general population in the United States from 2005 to 2016. We sought to investigate associations between sleep duration and the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and hyperlipidemia.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - April 25, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Chayakrit Krittanawong, Anirudh Kumar, Zhen Wang, Hani Jneid, Usman Baber, Roxana Mehran, W. H. Wilson Tang, Deepak L. Bhatt Source Type: research

Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association.
ular Biology; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Clinical Cardiology Abstract Hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides 200-499 mg/dL) is relatively common in the United States, whereas more severe triglyceride elevations (very high triglycerides, ≥500 mg/dL) are far less frequently observed. Both are becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States and elsewhere, likely driven in large part by growing rates of obesity and diabetes mellitus. In a 2002 American Heart Association scientific stat...
Source: Circulation - August 18, 2019 Category: Cardiology Authors: Skulas-Ray AC, Wilson PWF, Harris WS, Brinton EA, Kris-Etherton PM, Richter CK, Jacobson TA, Engler MB, Miller M, Robinson JG, Blum CB, Rodriguez-Leyva D, de Ferranti SD, Welty FK, American Heart Association Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vas Tags: Circulation Source Type: research

Perfusion Assessment in Critical Limb Ischemia: Principles for Understanding and the Development of Evidence and Evaluation of Devices: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
Abstract There are >12 million patients with peripheral artery disease in the United States. The most severe form of peripheral artery disease is critical limb ischemia (CLI). The diagnosis and management of CLI is often challenging. Ethnic differences in comorbidities and presentation of CLI exist. Compared with white patients, black and Hispanic patients have higher prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus and chronic renal disease and are more likely to present with gangrene, whereas white patients are more likely to present with ulcers and rest pain. A thorough evaluation of limb perfusion is important in the ...
Source: Circulation - August 11, 2019 Category: Cardiology Authors: Misra S, Shishehbor MH, Takahashi EA, Aronow HD, Brewster LP, Bunte MC, Kim ESH, Lindner JR, Rich K, American Heart Association Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing Tags: Circulation Source Type: research

Design and baseline characteristics of the eValuation of ERTugliflozin effIcacy and safety CardioVascular outcomes trial (VERTIS-CV)
ConclusionThe results from the VERTIS-CV trial will define the CV and renal safety and efficacy of ertugliflozin in patients with T2DM and ASCVD.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01986881
Source: American Heart Journal - September 6, 2018 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Alcohol and CV Health: Jekyll and Hyde J-Curves
A routine of light or moderate alcohol consumption ( ≤1 drink/day for women and 1 to 2 drinks/day for men) were associated with a lower risk for all-cause mortality, coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), heart failure (HF), and stroke. Conversely, heavy drinking, (>4 drinks/day) is associated with an increased risk for death and cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). Excessive alcohol intake trails behind only smoking and obesity among the 3 leading causes of premature deaths in the United States (US).
Source: Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases - February 17, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Evan L. O'Keefe, James J. Di Nicolantonio, James H. O'Keefe, Carl J. Lavie Source Type: research

Childhood and Adolescent Adversity and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Abstract Adverse experiences in childhood and adolescence, defined as subjectively perceived threats to the safety or security of the child's bodily integrity, family, or social structures, are known to be associated with cardiometabolic outcomes over the life course into adulthood. This American Heart Association scientific statement reviews the scientific literature on the influence of childhood adversity on cardiometabo...
Source: Circulation - December 18, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Suglia SF, Koenen KC, Boynton-Jarrett R, Chan PS, Clark CJ, Danese A, Faith MS, Goldstein BI, Hayman LL, Isasi CR, Pratt CA, Slopen N, Sumner JA, Turer A, Turer CB, Zachariah JP, American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council o Tags: Circulation Source Type: research

Outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction due to unprotected left main thrombosis: The Asia ‐Pacific Left Main ST‐Elevation Registry (ASTER)
ConclusionsSTEMI from culprit unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Emergency PCI provides an important treatment option in this high‐risk group, but in‐hospital mortality remains high.
Source: Journal of Interventional Cardiology - November 16, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jonathan Yap, Gagan D. Singh, Jung ‐Sun Kim, Krishan Soni, Kelvin Chua, Alvin Neo, Choong Hou Koh, Ehrin J. Armstrong, Stephen W. Waldo, Kendrick A. Shunk, Reginald I. Low, Myeong‐Ki Hong, Yangsoo Jang, Khung Keong Yeo Tags: ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Source Type: research

Contribution of cardiac and extra ‐cardiac disease burden to risk of cardiovascular outcomes varies by ejection fraction in heart failure
ConclusionIn North American HF patients enrolled in the CHARM trials, the relative contribution of cardiac and extra‐cardiac disease burden to CV outcomes and death differed depending on LVEF. The high risk of events attributable to non‐cardiac disease burden may help explain why cardiac disease‐modifying medication proven to be efficacious in HFrEF patients has not proven beneficial in HFpEF.
Source: European Journal of Heart Failure - November 1, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Emil Wolsk, Brian Claggett, Lars K øber, Stuart Pocock, Salim Yusuf, Karl Swedberg, John J.V. McMurray, Christopher B. Granger, Marc A. Pfeffer, Scott D. Solomon Tags: Research Article Source Type: research