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Specialty: Cytology
Condition: Mitochondrial Disease

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Total 26 results found since Jan 2013.

Functional Assessment of Stroke-Induced Regulation of miR-20a-3p and Its Role as a Neuroprotectant
This study identifies and characterizes a specific member of the miR-17-92 cluster, miR-20a-3p, as a possible stroke therapeutic. A comprehensive microRNA screening showed that miR-20a-3p was significantly upregulated in astrocytes of adult female rats, which typically have better stroke outcomes, while it was profoundly downregulated in astrocytes of middle-aged females and adult and middle-aged males, groups that typically have more severe stroke outcomes. Assays using primary human astrocytes and neurons show that miR-20a-3p treatment alters mitochondrial dynamics in both cell types. To assess whether stroke outcomes co...
Source: Cell Research - September 27, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Taylor E Branyan Amutha Selvamani Min Jung Park Kriti E Korula Kelby F Kosel Rahul Srinivasan Farida Sohrabji Source Type: research

BDNF Reduces Toxic Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptor Signaling via Synaptic NMDA Receptors and Nuclear-Calcium-Induced Transcription of inhba/Activin A
Publication date: Available online 13 August 2015 Source:Cell Reports Author(s): David Lau, C. Peter Bengtson, Bettina Buchthal, Hilmar Bading The health of neurons is critically dependent on the relative signaling intensities of survival-promoting synaptic and death-inducing extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. Here, we show that BDNF is a regulator of this balance and promotes neuroprotection by reducing toxic NMDA receptor signaling. BDNF acts by initiating synaptic NMDA-receptor/nuclear-calcium-driven adaptogenomics, leading to increased expression of inhibin β-A (inhba). Inhibin β-A (its homodimer is known as activi...
Source: Cell Reports - August 14, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

FGF21 represses cerebrovascular aging via improving mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibiting p53 signaling pathway in an AMPK-dependent manner.
Abstract Cerebrovascular aging has a high relationship with stroke and neurodegenerative disease. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on angiotensin (Ang II)-mediated cerebrovascular aging in human brain vascular smooth muscle cells (hBVSMCs). Ang II induced remarkable aging-phenotypes in hBVSMCs, including enhanced SA-β-gal staining and NBS1 protein expression. First, we used immunoblotting assay to confirm protein expression of FGF21 receptor (FGFR1) and the co-receptor β-Klotho in cultured hBVSMCs. Second, we found that FGF21 treatment partly prevented the a...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - June 26, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang XM, Xiao H, Liu LL, Cheng D, Li XJ, Si LY Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Therapeutic Potential of Astrocyte Transplantation
Cell Transplant. 2022 Jan-Dec;31:9636897221105499. doi: 10.1177/09636897221105499.ABSTRACTCell transplantation is an attractive treatment strategy for a variety of brain disorders, as it promises to replenish lost functions and rejuvenate the brain. In particular, transplantation of astrocytes has come into light recently as a therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); moreover, grafting of astrocytes also showed positive results in models of other conditions ranging from neurodegenerative diseases of older age to traumatic injury and stroke. Despite clear differences in etiology, disorders such as ALS, Parkinson's, ...
Source: Cell Transplantation - June 30, 2022 Category: Cytology Authors: Nataly Hastings Wei-Li Kuan Andrew Osborne Mark R N Kotter Source Type: research

Vitexin Improves Cerebral ischemia ‑reperfusion Injury by Attenuating Oxidative Injury and Ferroptosis via Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1signaling
In this study, we established the oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) neuron cell and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model. The cell viability, cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were tested by CCK-8 assay and Flow cytometry, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, TTC, TEM, immunofluorescence analysis and western blot were used to investigate the effects of Vitexin. The results demonstrated that Vitexin could enhanced the cell viability and decreased the cell apoptosis in OGD/R cell model. Meanwhile, incubation with Vitexin maintained the neuroprotective e...
Source: Cell Research - November 26, 2022 Category: Cytology Authors: Lei Guo Lei Shi Source Type: research

Targeted elimination of mutant mitochondrial DNA in MELAS-iPSCs by mitoTALENs.
Authors: Yang Y, Wu H, Kang X, Liang Y, Lan T, Li T, Tan T, Peng J, Zhang Q, An G, Liu Y, Yu Q, Ma Z, Lian Y, Soh BS, Chen Q, Liu P, Chen Y, Sun X, Li R, Zhen X, Liu P, Yu Y, Li X, Fan Y Abstract Mitochondrial diseases are maternally inherited heterogeneous disorders that are primarily caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Depending on the ratio of mutant to wild-type mtDNA, known as heteroplasmy, mitochondrial defects can result in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Mitochondria-targeted endonucleases provide an alternative avenue for treating mitochondrial disorders via targeted destruction of t...
Source: Protein and Cell - January 12, 2018 Category: Cytology Tags: Protein Cell Source Type: research

Building a Bridge Between NMDAR-Mediated Excitotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic and Acute Diseases.
Abstract Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and it is widely accepted to play a role in synaptic plasticity and excitotoxic cell death. Glutamate binds to several receptors, including ionotropic N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR), which is essential in synaptic plasticity and excitotoxicity. This receptor is a calcium channel that is located in synaptic and extrasynaptic sites, triggering different signalling cascades in each case. The calcium entry through extrasynaptic NMDARs is linked to calcium overload in the mitochondria in neurons in vitro. The mitochondria, besides their ro...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - July 21, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Mira RG, Cerpa W Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: research

Effect of rapamycin on mitochondria and lysosomes in fibroblasts from patients with mtDNA mutations
In this study, we used cultured skin fibroblasts as a window into the mitochondrial dysfunction evident in MELAS cells, as well as to study the mechanisms of rapamycin action, compared to control, healthy individuals. We observed that mitochondria from patients were fragmented, had a 3-fold decline in the average speed of motility, a 2-fold reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and a 1.5-2-fold decline in basal respiration. Despite the reduction in mitochondrial function, mitochondrial import protein Tim23 was elevated in patient cell lines. MELAS fibroblasts exhibited increased MnSOD levels and lysosomal function when ...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - June 9, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Nashwa J Cheema Jessie M Cameron David A Hood Source Type: research